International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal <div align="justify"> <p>International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research (IJALSR) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, and quarterly journal published by Dr Tarak Nath Podder Memorial Foundation, Kolkata, India. IJALSR provides fabulous opening for research personnel, scientists and research scholars in the areas of innovative research and technology.</p> </div> Dr Tarak Nath Podder Memorial Foundation, Kolkata en-US International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research 2581-4877 Microbial Waste Management in Healthcare Settings: A Review http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/222 <p>Human health is directly related to the environment and its various components. Healthcare is one sector that witnesses maximum footfalls in terms of patients, thus giving rise to a large scale of microbial wastes. These microbial wastes are mostly hazardous and risk polluting the environment and putting public health at stake. Safe disposal of these wastes is a significant concern due to their associated risks. Waste management methods commonly include chemical disinfection, steam sterilization, landfilling, and incineration. These methods pose various risks to human health, possibly attributed to their characteristic property of creating secondary pollutants. Such problems have intrigued researchers to search for better alternatives and advanced techniques. The onset of COVID-19 has jeopardized the waste management system in the healthcare sector, mainly related to hazardous microbial wastes. The current review discusses the impact of microbial wastes on the public and environmental health. It further discusses the advantages of modern techniques over traditional ones for sustainable management of microbial wastes. Modern techniques still face certain drawbacks, so the authors invite future research activities to work towards making these techniques even better and more sustainable.</p> Shakti Rath Subrat Kumar , Tripathy Debasmita Dubey Santosh Kumar Swain Sangram Panda ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-16 2024-04-16 7 2 1 8 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.001 Successful Aspects and Impacts of Diabetic Foot Exercise Among Indonesian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Literature Review http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/283 <p><strong>Backgrounds</strong>: Prevalence of diabetic foot among patient remains high worldwide, including in Indonesia. Foot exercise becomes one solution to prevent this health issue. However, the procedure seems simple but many factors influence the successful of this intervention. Numerous studies had been published related to the successful aspects and the outcomes of diabetic foot exercise but those are still dispersed. So that, the comprehensive information of diabetic foot exercise is still puzzled and do not utilize maximally by clinicians. <strong>Purposes</strong>: This study aims to review and synthesis previous information related to successful aspects and impacts of diabetic foot exercise among Indonesian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The present comprehensive review compile and synthesize the information on diabetic foot exercise, which can serve as a source for future studies or be utilized for clinical practices. <strong>Methods</strong>: A literature review had been chosen in this study with PRISMA approach to sort the articles from EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Wiley Online and ProQuest. We used a Mixed Method Appraisal Tool to determine the eligibility of articles that included to this study. <strong>Results</strong>: We harvested 1,481 articles and synthesized 20 selected articles. Our findings revealed intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of diabetic foot exercise were the key to improve the intervention’s outcome. Most outcomes of diabetic foot exercise were related to physical benefits. Although, mental benefits also captured in this study. Interestingly, our review found a unique finding, which in the Indonesia context, the spiritual outcome was also mentioned by diabetic patients after received diabetic foot exercise. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: By deliberate our findings, clinicians may scale up and aware the supporting aspects of diabetic foot exercise when providing this therapy to diabetes</p> Healthy Seventina Sirait Faridah Mohd Said Nur Afiqah Mohamad ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-23 2024-04-23 7 2 9 16 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.002 Chemotherapy Resistance in Cancer: Mechanism and Roadmap to Evade Exploring Apoptosis http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/256 <p>Chemotherapy resistance indicates the non-responsiveness of cancer cells to the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of chemo drugs attributed to either intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. Studies so far indicate that drug resistance can be triggered by a multitude of factors such as the over-expression of drug efflux pumps, DNA repair mechanisms, modifications in the drug target such as point mutations and gene amplification, over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic signals, presence of cancer stem cells and immune-suppressive cells, excessive cytokine production, tumor heterogeneity, epigenetic changes, activation of alternate pro-survival signaling pathways, etc. Both host and tumor-related factors can contribute to therapy resistance. Currently, chemo resistance poses the foremost setback in the successful treatment of cancer, and it exerts significant stress on the available medical resources. Besides the costs associated with the treatment, patients go through severe emotional and physical trauma. Chemotherapy resistance is also a major contributor to accelerated metastasis and invasion. Dose-escalation is not always practical since the associated side effects may increase apart from increasing the treatment costs.&nbsp; Several studies are ongoing to address this issue productively, such as therapeutic molecules designed to restore the apoptotic machinery. Site-specific delivery of pro-apoptotic agents such as small molecules, antibodies, peptides, etc. targeting the apoptosis pathway is also thoroughly studied. Moreover, the efficacy of combination strategies is also a topic of research.</p> Kalpataru Halder ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-23 2024-04-23 7 2 17 40 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.003 Application of Machine Learning Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence in Improving Metabolic Syndrome related complications: A review http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/279 <p><strong>Aim:</strong> This review provides a concise summary of the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of metabolic diseases and their impact on overall well-being. The primary emphasis is placed on exploring the potential applications and addressing the issues associated with employing AI-based methodologies for both research purposes and clinical treatment in the context of non-communicable diseases. <strong>Methods:</strong> The relevant published publications were summarised by conducting computerised literature searches on several reputable databases using specific keywords such as MS, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Coronary Heart Disease, Obesity, and dyslipidemia. The researchers picked papers that had unique data and integrated the significant findings from these studies into the conclusion, which pertains to the present state of Metabolic Syndrome.<strong> Results:</strong> In summary, although the utilisation of artificial intelligence in educational interventions shows potential, it is important to acknowledge its inherent limits. Although there is a growing body of literature on the utilisation of digital and intelligent tools in the management of MS, a significant proportion of relevant studies suffer from limitations such as insufficient sample sizes or a failure to establish the clinical significance of the tested interventions. Notwithstanding these challenges, the advancements in utilising artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medicine have been rapidly evolving, and it is imperative to acknowledge the potential and scholarly significance of these applications. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The integration and comprehensive utilisation of certain artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can enable future health education on MS to provide comprehensive, personalised, and intelligent training. This intervention will provide patients with enduring protection and ongoing guidance throughout their lives.</p> Joyeta Ghosh Sudrita Roy Choudhury Khusboo Singh Samarpita Koner ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 41 67 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.004 Artificial Intelligence Powered Insights into Nanotoxicology http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/285 <p>The application of nanomaterials in medicine necessitates a thorough assessment of their toxicity to ensure their safe use in living organisms. Advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are instrumental in processing vast datasets in toxicology, encompassing toxicological databases and image-based screening results. Nanomaterials exhibit significant variability in their physical and chemical properties, making their toxicological assessment unique. The potential adverse effects of these materials, as they find new applications in the consumer market, raise crucial concerns in clinical settings. Understanding the toxicological mechanisms of these substances is vital. Traditionally, the pharmaceutical industry employs animal models to evaluate compound toxicity before human trials, guided by various regulatory legislations. Modern toxicology increasingly relies on computational methods. Machine learning techniques, especially decision tree algorithms, are pivotal for categorizing nanomaterials in nanotoxicology. These algorithms identify essential input parameters and extract meaningful information from extensive datasets. This overview emphasizes the role of AI algorithms in nanotoxicology, quantitative toxicology, nano data collection, predictive models, essential nanoparticle properties, image-based databases, and various challenges in the field.</p> Sriram T Tamalika Chakraborty P.Muthu Prasanna ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 68 80 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.005 Optimization of LC-MS/MS Analytical Method for Trace Level Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities in Siponimod Pure Drug and Formulations http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/216 <p>The generation of single or multiple genotoxic impurities during synthesis of siponimod should be avoided for production of safe formulation. Technically, complete elimination of genotoxic impurities was not possible and hence there is a need to propose an accurate method for trace level detection of genotoxic impurities.Method optimization studies were conducted by analysis standard solution in various method parameters. The results noticed in every varied method condition were tabulated for finalizing the appropriate conditions for analyzing siponimod. The optimized method consists of waters C18 (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) column, ammonium acetate (0.02M) at pH 4.2 (fixed with 1 % formic acid) and methanol in 45:55 (v/v) at 0.5 mL/min flow rate. The mass analyser was operated in multiple reaction positive ion mode with characteristic mass transition at m/z of 517 (parent ion)and 213 (product ion) for siponimod, 434(parent ion) and 173 (product ion)for alcohol and 432(parent ion) and172 (product ion)for aldehyde impurity. No impurity or unwanted compounds detected in both LC chromatograms and mass spectra, confirming the method specificity.Validation of method for parameters including linearity, precision, recovery, ruggedness, and robustness yielded acceptable results. The method is suitable for assessing potential genotoxic impurities during the synthesis of siponimod and the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.</p> Penchala Reddy Vaka Battula Sreenivasa Rao Nagulapati Manjula Bharathi Kandula Rekha ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 81 91 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.006 Analysis of Fiber Content and Antioxidant Activity of Bamboo Shoots (Dendrocalamus asper) to Support Functional Foods http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/228 <p>The purpose of food consumption extends beyond meeting the body's nutritional requirements, increasingly emphasizing the potential of food as a form of medicine or health enhancer. Functional foods, which can be integrated into daily menus without specific dosage requirements, present a favorable nutritional option. In the archipelagic region of Southeast Sulawesi, characterized by extensive forests, bamboo shoots thrive abundantly. Consequently, the local community in this area has acknowledged and incorporated bamboo shoots as a dietary component. This study aims to explore the content of bamboo shoots and analyze protein, carbohydrate, and fiber levels. The research employs various methods, including phytochemical screening, alkaloid testing, flavonoid testing, saponin, tannin, triterpenoid, and steroid assessments, as well as content analysis, proximate analysis, carbohydrate analysis, and fiber level analysis. The study outcomes reveal the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in bamboo shoots, with protein levels at 2.6 g/100 g, carbohydrate levels at 4.10 g/100 g, and fiber levels at 2.40 g/100 g. It can be concluded that bamboo shoots have important secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids and alkaloids, which may have health benefits such as being anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and inhibitory of allergies.</p> Ratna Umi Nurlila Jumarddin La Fua Rina Andriani Armayani . Selpirahmawati Saranani Annisa Anggun Rahmawati ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 92 103 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.007 Vitamin D and Hormonal Associations in Female Infertility: AMH and FSH Correlation http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/240 <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infertility poses significant challenges to couples, impacting emotional well-being. Vitamin D's role in reproductive health, particularly its potential influence on Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) production, remains a subject of debate. Previous studies present conflicting findings regarding the relationship between vitamin D and AMH levels. <strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between serum vitamin D, AMH, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels in women facing infertility. The research sought to assess variations in vitamin D, AMH, and FSH concentrations, exploring their potential roles in infertility. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The study involved 120 infertile women aged 22-43 years. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for vitamin D, AMH, and FSH levels. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests, were employed to examine associations. <strong>Results:&nbsp; </strong>Among participants, 60% exhibited vitamin D deficiency, and no significant correlation was found between vitamin D levels and AMH across different age groups. The study observed variations in AMH and FSH levels, emphasizing the complex interplay in infertility. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This investigation underscores the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infertile women and challenges the purported direct link between vitamin D and AMH. Results indicate a nuanced relationship, necessitating further research to unravel the intricate dynamics of vitamin D's impact on reproductive markers in infertility</p> Asra Anjum Senthil Kumar Babu Jayagandhi S Mathavi S ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 104 111 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.008 Analysis of Factors Influencing Rubber Farmers' Knowledge of Climate Change in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency, Indonesia http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/251 <p><strong>Objective:</strong>&nbsp;The quality of rubber sap and variables related to climate change have a substantial impact on the revenue of rubber producers. The goal of this study was to collect fundamental information on climate change understanding and analyze the factors influencing rubber farmers' climate change knowledge in one of the rubber plantation centers, Rambang Sub-district. <strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;This research was conducted in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency, which has 13 villages. In-depth interviews and a review of the literature were the main approaches used to acquire data, with the use of questionnaire techniques. Purposive sampling would be used to choose the respondents. Data were gathered, organized, clarified, and then subjected to descriptive correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The method of multiple linear regression analysis is utilized to ascertain how dependent and independent variables operate together. <strong>Results:</strong>&nbsp;Respondents in the research were categorized based on education, age, rubber farming experience, number of family dependents, average rubber income, and total rubber plantation. All farmers agree that climate change has occurred and can feel it. <strong>Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;70.42% of rubber farmers know of climate change, whereas 29.58% are uninformed. Partially (t-test), the variables of age and total rubber plantation significantly affect knowledge of climate change. While the variable level of education, rubber gardening experience, number of dependents, and income do not significantly affect the knowledge of climate change rubber tapping farmers in Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>&nbsp;Climate change, Rambang District, rubber farmer.</em></p> Eva Juniar Andika Amin Rejo Puspitahati . ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 112 122 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.009 The Utilizing Heart Failure Digital Education Media (HF-DEM) Intervention on the Quality of Life among Heart Failure Patients http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/254 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Heart failure patient care has evolved to include a variety of methods and technology aimed at preventing recurrence and improving patients' quality of life. the use of digital media aims to improve the self-care ability of heart failure patients. Digital health technologies can improve patient participation through education, remote monitoring, and individualized care. <strong>Purpose:&nbsp;</strong>This study to identify the effect of Heart Failure Digital Education Media(HF-DEM) on the quality of life of heart failure patients at Dustira Hospital, Bandung-Indonesia. <strong>Method:</strong> Quantitative research quasi experiment approach type with pre post method. The population of this study were 63 patients with heart failure who underwent outpatient care with the criteria Patients who were diagnosed with heart failure for more than 2 years and had been treated at Dustira Hospital and were able to read and have a smartphone. Sample size are 30 respondents with purposive sampling technique and divided into 2 groups. Respondent in Intervention group was given the digital education namely Heart Failure Digital Education Media (HF-DEM) consisting Video and e-booklet and intervention was given 1 week. <strong>Result:</strong>The results showed that the quality of life of heart failure patients at Dustira Hospital before being given the intervention was 3 respondents (20%) had a moderate quality of life and 12 respondents (80%) had a poor quality of life and after being given the intervention as many as 13 respondents (87%) had a good quality of life and 2 respondents (13%) had a moderate quality of life.&nbsp; Statistical tests using Mann Withney obtained a p-value of 0.000 which indicates the effect of providing HF-DEM interventions on the quality of life of heart failure patients at Dustira Hospital. <strong>Discussion:</strong>After the HF-DEM intervention, there was an improvement in the patient's quality of life, this shows the effect of the intervention provided along with the improvement of the patient's Self Care.</p> Irma Nur Amalia Faridah Mohd Said Nisha Nambiar ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 123 131 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.010 Phytochemical Screening, Identification of Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity Test of Sirsak Extract (Annona muricata, L.) Leaf Grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/284 <p>The research is to identify and analyze the secondary metabolite content of sirsak (<em>Annona muricata</em>, L.) leaves, which are extracted with ethanol and water solvents, and determine their potential activity as antioxidants. Extraction using ethanol (Merck) and water as solvent; phytochemical screening uses standard reagents: FeCl<sub>3</sub> 5% in water, FeCl<sub>3</sub> 1%, Dragendrof, Mayer, Wagner, Mg ribbon, HCl (concentrated), Liberman-Buchard. Analysis of secondary metabolite compound components from the extract using GC-MS Shimadzu (QP-2010S Shimadzu, Japan) and determination of potential antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of <em>A. muricata</em> leaf contains phenolic secondary metabolites, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. According to phytochemical screening, <em>A. muricata</em> leaf water extract contains phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The results of ethanol extract analysis using GC-MS obtained 24 types of secondary metabolite compounds with the three highest secondary metabolite compounds, namely dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (16.76%), dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl esters (16.52%), and glycerol trilaurate (15.07%); A. muricata leaf water extract contains 15 metabolite compound components with the three highest secondary metabolite compounds, namely n-hexadecoic acid (37.40%), 9-Hexadecenoic acid (16.59%), and benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy (6.76%). The antioxidant activity value extracted with water solvent has an IC<sub>50</sub> of 99.96 ppm, and that extracted with ethanol has an IC<sub>50</sub> of 264.51 ppm. <em>A. muricata</em> extract leaf contains various secondary metabolites, and samples extracted with water show better antioxidant activity compared to samples extracted with ethanol.</p> Indah Yani Br. Tambunan Esther Siringo-Ringo Mastiur Julianti Butar-Butar Rini Febrianti Kasta Gurning ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 132 142 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.011 Transcriptome Analysis from leaf during non-flowering vegetative growth phase of mango (Mangifera indica L. var Fazli) from Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India. http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/288 <p>Mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em> L.) is a major fruit crop in numerous tropical and subtropical countries, facing various problems such as susceptibility to diseases, bi-annual production, low yield and a brief shelf life of the fruit, in cultivation. Traditional breeding methods have limited success in improving the quality of this fruit crop due to prolonged time of maturity, self-incompatibility and high degree of heterozygosity in breeding lines. However, recent studies utilizing genomic analysis have identified key genes responsible for economically important characters, suggesting the possibility of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in breeding lines through transgenic or specific genotype selection from seedlings. With the rapid advancements in genome sequencing and bioinformatics, it is now feasible to identify, label, clone, and manipulate numerous genes related to economically important characters. While research on the flowering and fruiting of mango has been extensive, research studies to preliminarily identify the functions of mango genes during the vegetative growth phase is very few. The major findings include few highly active genes viz. WRKY, NAM, MYB, GoGID1 which is channelizing the energy towards vegetative growth and inhibit flowering genes.</p> Santi Ranjan Dey Sayak Ganguli Mitu De ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 143 162 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.012 Comparative Analysis of Rapid Transurethral and Reverse Sequential Resection with Plasma Excision Equipment for BPH Treatment http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/289 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the rapid transurethral sequential excision and reverse sequential excision combined with plasma excision equipment for BPH treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and traditional transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in patients with BPH. <strong>Methods: </strong>The study conducted at the Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, aimed to compare the efficacy of two surgical approaches for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with traditional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). From October 2021 to October 2023,128 BPH patients were divided into two groups: 64 underwent rapid transurethral sequential excision and reverse sequential excision combined with plasma excision equipment, while the other 64 underwent TURP. <strong>Results: T</strong>he excision weight was higher, and intraoperative blood loss was lower in the group using plasma excision equipment compared to TURP. Additionally, this group experienced shorter procedure times, less bladder irrigation, catheterization duration, and shorter hospital stays (P &lt; 0.05). Postoperative follow-up at three months revealed significant improvements in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Score (OABSS) in both groups, with greater improvement in the plasma excision equipment group (P &lt; 0.05). At one- and three-months post-surgery, bladder function, urodynamics, and bladder compliance were compared between the groups. The plasma excision equipment group showed better bladder compliance and urinary flow rates than the TURP group, while residual urine volume was higher in the plasma excision equipment group (P &lt; 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> rapid transurethral sequential excision and reverse sequential excision combined with plasma excision equipment demonstrated superior perioperative indicators, treatment efficacy, preservation of erectile function, and improvement in urodynamics compared to traditional TURP for BPH treatment.</p> Tong Guangquan Li Changyi Zhao Peng Lu Na Sandeep Shrestha Farra Aidah Jumuddin ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 163 169 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.013 The Comparative Study of Physical Exercise Towards Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as Oxidative Stress Markers in Rattus Novergicus Wistar Strain Rats http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/291 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Physical exercise has an effect on biological functions, namely a positive effect in terms of cell repair and a negative effect, namely inhibiting or damaging cells. Strenuous physical exercise can increase muscle injury and oxidative stress in individuals who are not conditioned or are not used to physical exercise. In addition, oxidative stress also plays a role in chronic fatigue syndrome. This occurs because the speed of energy demand exceeds the speed and ability of the oxygen transport system to supply oxygen to the mitochondria. The heart muscle is a muscle that has a major role in physical exercise. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. <strong>Objectives:</strong> The purpose of this research is to determine the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise in the formation of free radicals. The formation of free radicals can be predicted by measuring levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Brain Natriuetic Peptide (BNP). <strong>Methods:</strong> The design used in this study was an experimental study in vivo with a pretest-posttest design with a comparison group. The subjects of this study were 28 male Wistar rats, Rattus novergicus, which were divided into 6 treatment groups and 1 comparison group. The data is taken by doing treadmill physical exercise with a speed of 20m / minute for aerobics and 35m / minute for anaerobics. Different tests of average MDA and BNP levels were used using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and post hoc<strong>. Result: </strong>The results showed a decrease in MDA and BNP levels in the aerobic treatment group and an increase in anaerobic compared to the comparison group. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the aerobic group for 1 day, 3 times a week, and 7 days, respectively, with p 0.05. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It can be concluded that aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise performed 1 day, 3 times a week, and 7 consecutive days can increase the antioxidant defence system so that oxidative stress decreases, which is indicated by a decrease in MDA and BNP levels.</p> Aristoteles . Tukimin Bin Sansuwito Bastian . Nurhidayanti . ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 170 177 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.014 Design and Development of an Electronic Nose as a Device for Detecting the Aroma Quality of Pandanwangi Rice http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/293 <p>Pandanwangi rice, a local aromatic variety originating from Cianjur Regency, owes its distinct pandan aroma to the presence of the amino acid derivative compound phenylalanine, specifically 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Distinguishing the aroma of Pandanwangi rice serves as a key method for its identification. Electronic Nose (e-nose) technology, renowned for its ability to differentiate aromas emitted by organic materials, serves as a pivotal tool in this research. The primary objectives of this study are to ascertain the design techniques for electronic nose devices, evaluate the electronic nose's efficacy in detecting and distinguishing the aroma of Pandanwangi rice. Descriptive analysis was employed, utilizing Pandanwangi rice samples sourced from various districts including Warungkondang, Gekbrong, Cianjur, Campaka, Cugenang, and Cibeber, alongside Sintanur rice (positive control) and IR64 (negative control). The research findings demonstrate that the devised tool has the potential to swiftly detect the aroma of Pandanwangi rice. Furthermore, the results of aroma detection using the electronic nose device reveal discernible variations in the concentration of volatile compounds present in Pandanwangi rice. Notably, Pandanwangi rice from Cibeber District exhibits the highest concentration of volatile compounds, while that from Campaka District displays the lowest. Even Sintanur rice, which is known for its similarity and often mistaken by the general public as Pandanwangi rice, did not elicit a significant response from the sensor.</p> Riza Trihaditia Widya Sari Zakky Hasan Latif Rani Sugiarni Ramlan Indra Nugraha ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-04-29 2024-04-29 7 2 178 185 10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.015