International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research

Natural Product Nanomedicine for Enhanced Bioavailability and Targeted Drug Delivery: Translational and Personalized Therapeutic Perspectives

2026-11-11T04:06:36+00:00

Natural products and their derivatives from plant, microbial, and marine sources have long served as important drug leads because of their structural diversity and broad biological activities. However, poor aqueous solubility, low chemical stability, rapid metabolism, limited membrane permeability and restricted bioavailability continue to limit their clinical translation. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems provide a practical strategy to improve solubilization, pharmacokinetics, tissue targeting, controlled release and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles and mesoporous silica carriers have been explored to enhance the delivery of curcumin, ginsenosides, baicalin, resveratrol, gambogic acid and paclitaxel. Advanced strategies such as receptor-mediated uptake, blood-brain barrier penetration, pH- and redox-responsive release, microfluidic manufacturing, artificial intelligence-supported optimization, and personalized nanomedicine further improve therapeutic precision. Extraction yield varied significantly with solvent polarity, with methanol extract exhibiting the highest yield (38%), indicating efficient recovery of polar bioactive constituents. Physicochemical parameters confirmed the stability and quality of the extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and proteins in different solvent extracts. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that CNBP is a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, lipids, cardiac glycosides, and essential minerals. Aqueous extracts exhibited higher protein (159.65 ± 0.41 mg BSA/g) and flavonoid contents (366.6 ± 0.57 mg QE/g), whereas methanolic extracts showed elevated phenols and alkaloids. Hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated higher amino acid concentrations, suggesting improved extraction efficiency for mixed-polarity biomolecules. Nevertheless, scalability, long-term stability, immunogenicity, cost, reproducibility, regulatory evaluation and clinical validation remain major barriers. Overall, nanotechnology-based natural product delivery represents a promising approach for targeted therapy in oncology, neuroprotection and inflammatory diseases, provided that translational and regulatory challenges are addressed systematically.

Bacterial Biofilms in Livestock Diseases: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Persistence, and Therapeutic Challenges

2026-11-09T17:32:30+00:00

Bacterial biofilms pose a perilous challenge in livestock health, contributing to chronic infections, treatment failures, and economic losses across livestock. These designed microbial communities render an extracellular matrix, conferring improved resistance to antimicrobials and host immune defences in contrast to their planktonic counterparts. This review emphasizes the basic structural biology of bacterial biofilms, illustrating the molecular mechanisms controlling their growth and proliferation with significant correlation with the quorum sensing (QS) pathway and cyclic-di-GMP signalling scheme. QS initiates cell populations via autoinducers, while cyclic GMP acts as a ubiquitous second messenger that controls phase switching via modulating exopolysaccharide production, adhesion expression and flagellar motility. Biofilms display pivotal role in major livestock diseases, including bovine mastitis (primarily Staphylococcus aureus), bovine respiratory disease complex, endometritis, and enteric diseases across livestock. The maturation of biofilm exacerbates antimicrobial resistance (AMR), impeding therapeutic interventions. Current therapeutics comprising conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides and matrix-degrading enzymes limit functional impairment in livestock disease management. Also, emerging technological advancements leverage CRISPR-Cas gene editing tools to target biofilm-associated pathogens, restrict QS and c-di-GMP signalling cascades, and eradicate AMR. Finally, this current review proposes the therapeutic potential of amalgamating CRISPR-based antimicrobials with conventional approaches to mature next-generation biofilm management protocols for sustainable livestock disease management.

Genomic Insights into Monkeypox Virus: Paving the Way for Targeted Vaccine Development and Therapeutic Targeting

2026-11-11T04:12:55+00:00

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, has emerged as a growing global health concern due to its expanding geographic spread and sustained human-to-human transmission. Advances in whole-genome sequencing have enabled detailed characterization of the MPXV genome, revealing a conserved central region essential for replication and variable terminal regions associated with host adaptation, immune evasion, and virulence. Comparative genomic analyses distinguish the more virulent Congo Basin (Clade I) lineage from the less severe West African (Clade II) lineage, reflecting differences in transmission dynamics and clinical outcomes. Integrating genomic data with structural and immunological insights has facilitated the identification of conserved viral targets for vaccine and therapeutic development, including monoclonal antibodies directed against key antigenic determinants. In parallel, next-generation vaccine platforms such as mRNA, DNA, and recombinant viral vectors are advancing MPXV prevention strategies and complementing existing orthopoxvirus vaccines. These innovations offer improved safety, scalability, and adaptability to emerging variants. This review highlights the interplay between viral genomics, evolution, and host immune responses, underscoring their importance in guiding rational vaccine design and targeted therapeutics. Continuous genomic surveillance and multidisciplinary research efforts remain critical for improving outbreak preparedness and mitigating the public health impact of MPXV.

Advances in SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy: Comparative Evidence for Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin in Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Disorders

2026-11-09T17:32:30+00:00

Cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) interact to cause the progressive multisystem condition known as cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) syndrome. With pleiotropic advantages that go beyond glycaemic control, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have completely changed the way CRM is managed. To compile and contrast clinical data on dapagliflozin and empagliflozin throughout the CRM continuum's glycaemic, cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes. Pharmacokinetic studies, real-world observational cohorts, randomised cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, and regulatory guidelines were all narratively reviewed. A summary was provided of head-to-head meta-analytic data evaluating HbA1c, cardiovascular risk scores, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Regardless of diabetes status, both drugs showed strong, class-consistent benefits, such as decreases in heart failure hospitalisation, cardiovascular events, and CKD progression. HbA1c reduction (SMD −0.10; 95% CI −0.29 to 0.09), cardiovascular risk scores (SMD 0.11; 95% CI −0.08 to 0.31), and renal outcomes by eGFR (SMD 0.11; 95% CI −0.08 to 0.31) did not differ significantly, according to pooled head-to-head analyses. Comparable long-term risks for severe adverse cardiovascular events, acute renal injury, and the progression of chronic kidney disease were established by large real-world registries. Dapagliflozin slightly improved blood pressure and cholesterol, while empagliflozin showed better weight reduction and glycaemic control, though differences were not significant. Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin are interchangeable as a class effect because they offer comparable, clinically significant protection over the CRM spectrum. Instead of assuming molecular superiority, therapeutic selection should be based on patient phenotype and clinical priorities.

Structured Comparative Review of Remote Sensing, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Deep Learning for Agricultural Monitoring and Crop Classification

2026-11-09T17:32:30+00:00

Climate-resilient agriculture increasingly relies on remote sensing, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), machine learning, and deep learning to support crop classification, disease and stress detection, yield-related assessment, and field monitoring. This structured comparative review synthesizes 50 core empirical studies drawn from an 80-reference evidence base and examines their sensing platforms, learning strategies, reported performance measures, deployment constraints, and reproducibility characteristics. The evidence is organized by multispectral and time-series sensing, HSI and band selection, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and high-resolution monitoring, crop and land-cover classification, disease and weed detection, yield and soil assessment, and Internet of Things (IoT)/cloud-enabled monitoring. Numerical results are reported only when explicitly stated in the source study; unreported metrics are marked as not reported, and no metric is inferred from a related method or dataset. Because datasets, sensors, crops, class definitions, geographic regions, and validation protocols differ substantially, performance values are interpreted within their original experimental context rather than used to rank methods across studies. The synthesis identifies recurring limitations involving annotation scarcity, spectral-domain shift, class imbalance, external validation, computational cost, and incomplete reproducibility reporting, and it outlines research priorities for transferable, interpretable, and operational agricultural intelligence.

Aquafaba-Based Non-Dairy Ice Cream Enriched with Ice Apple and Pomegranate

2026-11-09T17:32:30+00:00

Background: The increasing demand for plant-based and dairy-free foods has created opportunities for nutritious alternatives to conventional dairy desserts. Aquafaba provides functional foaming and emulsifying properties, while ice apple and pomegranate contribute nutritional and bioactive components. Objectives: The study aimed to develop aquafaba-based non-dairy ice cream fortified with ice apple and pomegranate and evaluate its sensory, physical, nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant, cholesterol, shelf-life, and cost parameters. Methods: Chickpea aquafaba was prepared by pressure-cooking chickpeas, collecting the cooking liquid, and whipping it into a stable foam. Three formulations (V1, V2 and V3) with varying proportions of ice apple pulp and pomegranate juice were developed using guar gum. Conventional dairy ice cream served as control. Sensory evaluation was conducted using a 9-point hedonic scale by 15 semi-trained panelists. The most acceptable formulation was further evaluated for physical, nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant, cholesterol, microbiological, storage, and cost parameters. Results: V1 recorded the highest overall acceptability (8.46 ± 0.516), comparable to the control (8.53 ± 0.743). It showed 52.4% overrun, 64.7% melting resistance, 22.8 N hardness, and 1750 cP viscosity. Per 100 g, it contained 78.90 g moisture, 1.79 g fat, 0.95 g protein, 18.10 g carbohydrate, and 92.31 kcal. Phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids were detected, with antioxidant activity and 0.00 mg/100 g cholesterol. The product remained acceptable for 27 days at −15°C. Production cost was Rs. 54.20/kg. Conclusion: The product demonstrated good sensory acceptability, desirable physical and nutritional characteristics, antioxidant potential, cholesterol-free properties, storage stability, and economical production, indicating its potential as a plant-based alternative to dairy ice cream.

Assessing the Feasibility of Ecotourism: A Perspective on Doyang Reservoir, Nagaland, India

2026-11-10T08:02:40+00:00

Background: Ecotourism can contribute to sustainable livelihoods and ecosystem protection, even as environmental degradation and habitat loss persist under population pressure and resource overexploitation. This study aims to assess the ecological, social, and cultural feasibility of river-based ecotourism as a development strategy at the Doyang Reservoir site in the Wokha district, Nagaland. Methods: Using snowball sampling techniques, interviews, questionnaires, and field visits, the research estimates the ecotourism potential of activities such as bird watching, trekking, fishing, and cultural exchanges. Results: These activities have the potential to provide alternative livelihood options, especially for marginalized groups, reduce pressure on fish stocks, and promote conservation. However, there are still hurdles: environmental risks, lack of infrastructure, lack of awareness, and social conflicts. Conclusion: It highlights the need for local capacity building and the establishment of responsible tourism rules to enable communities to manage conservation and ensure fair administration. The results are designed to help policymakers, tourism providers, and local people promote sustainable ecotourism.

Enhancing Growth and Productivity of Broccoli through Natural Biostimulants: A Comparative Study of Seaweed and Moringa Leaf Extracts

2026-11-09T17:32:30+00:00

Background: Broccoli is a nutrient-dense crop that is increasingly in demand because of its health-promoting phytochemicals. However, the heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers has raised environmental issues, leading to the need for sustainable alternatives. This study investigated the impact of natural biostimulants, specifically seaweed extract (SWE) and moringa leaf extract (MLE), on broccoli growth and yield under field conditions. Methods: The experiment was conducted at Lovely Professional University’s research farm in Phagwara, Punjab, using a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments, including different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) of SWE and MLE, along with a control. Foliar applications were done every 10 days from transplantation until curd initiation. Growth metrics, including plant height, leaf number, and leaf area, as well as yield indicators such as curd weight, diameter, dry matter, and plot yield, were measured. Results: Biostimulant application significantly improved growth and yield compared to the control. The highest performance was observed with 100% SWE, which produced the greatest plant height (49.347 cm), number of leaves (17.333), leaf area (474.390 cm²), curd weight without leaves (571.183 g), diameter (19.073 cm), dry weight (70.977 g), and yield (17.137 kg per plot), closely followed by 100% MLE (47.133 cm, 16.267, 465.207 cm², 544.130 g, 18.033 cm, 69.123 g, and 16.323 kg, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that natural biostimulants, especially seaweed extracts, can enhance broccoli productivity and support environmentally friendly farming practices.

Integrating Ethnographic Knowledge and Rhizosphere Microbiology of Peganum harmala in Kyrgyzstan

2026-11-09T17:32:30+00:00

Background: Peganum harmala (locally known in Kyrgyzstan as adyrashman or ysyryk) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use in Kyrgyzstan, with references to its applications preserved in the Manuscripts Fund of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic. However, little is known about the rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities of this species. This study examined P. harmala using an integrated microbiological and molecular approach to characterize its rhizosphere bacteria and investigate their microbial diversity. Methods: P. harmala plants were collected from the Kashka-Suu rural area of the Alamudun District, Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan. Rhizosphere-associated bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological techniques and characterized by morphological and biochemical analyses. Microbial diversity was investigated through 16S rRNA gene amplification, sequencing, and taxonomic identification. Results: The analysis revealed the presence of bacterial genera including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Paenarthrobacter, highlighting the diversity of microorganisms associated with the plant root environment. These findings provide new insights into the bacterial communities associated with P. harmala and establish a foundation for future investigations into plant–microbe interactions and the ecological roles of root-associated microorganisms. Conclusion: This study represents the first characterization of the rhizosphere bacterial community associated with Peganum harmala in Kyrgyzstan using 16S rRNA gene-based identification. The findings expand current knowledge of the microbial diversity associated with this medicinal plant and provide a basis for future studies exploring the ecological, agricultural, and biotechnological significance of its root-associated microorganisms.

Association of Chronotype, Sleep Quality, Body Mass Index, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

2026-11-11T04:25:57+00:00

Background: Circadian misalignment via chronotype and sleep disturbances may harm metabolic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence is unclear. Objectives. This study investigated the association of chronotype, sleep quality, BMI, and HbA1c in patients with T2D, with sex-specific analysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a systematic random sample of 1,000 patients with T2D, of whom 39% were male. Participants' chronotypes and sleep patterns were assessed using the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the shortened Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (shortPSQI). Clinical data collected included BMI, HbA1c, and comorbidities. Chi-square, t-test, and regression analysis were conducted. Results: Participants' mean age: 60.0±11.3 years; BMI: 30.5±5.5 kg/m²; HbA1c: 7.3±1.7%. Evening chronotypes had higher BMI (p<0.001) and HbA1c >7%. In both sexes, chronotype correlated with BMI and HbA1c (p<0.05). Poor sleep (shortPSQI>4) was prevalent in 68% of participants with T2D. Being overweight (OR=1.686) and having uncontrolled HbA1c (≥7%) (OR=1.747) were independently associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Evening chronotypes were independently associated with both poorer glycemic control (OR=2.174) and sleep quality (OR=2.213). Female sex was independently associated with lower odds of elevated HbA1c (OR=0.605), whereas village residence (OR=1.685), insulin-based therapy (OR=4.655), combined therapy (OR=12.973), longer diabetes duration (≥10 years) (OR=2.739), poor sleep quality (OR=1.418), and non-morning chronotypes (moderately morning: OR=2.564, intermediate: OR=2.033, and moderately evening: OR=3.727) were associated with elevated HbA1c higher odds. Conclusions: In adults with T2D, evening chronotypes tend to have higher BMIs and HbA1c levels, especially in males, and poor sleep quality is particularly linked to these variables in females. Given the cross-sectional study design, these findings warrant further investigation in longitudinal studies.

Precision Hydration and Integrated Pesticide Management System for Paddy Fields using Machine Learning and IOT

2026-11-11T04:17:36+00:00

Background: Precision hydration optimizes water use in paddy fields via IoT sensors for soil moisture, while integrated pesticide management employs machine learning (ML) for real-time pest detection to minimize chemical inputs. This system addresses paddy crop challenges, such as water scarcity and pest infestations and enhances yield. The aim of this work is to project the results of machine learning models for paddy crop disease prediction that can analyze the plant health data sets using various algorithms. Methods: This starts with data collection and pre-processing, with missing information prevention and feature engineering. The system deploys a network of low-cost soil moisture, water level, temperature, humidity sensors and pest detection ML models across representative paddy fields. The ML models like CNN, YOLOv8, LSTM are used for plant disease prediction. Finally, efficient models are implemented in a user-friendly application whose reliability has been extensively tested. Results: Precision hydration optimizes water use in paddy fields via IoT sensors for soil moisture, while integrated pesticide management employs Machine Learning (ML) for real-time pest detection to minimize chemical inputs. The system addresses paddy crop challenges like water scarcity and pest infestations, enhancing yield. The developed system enables early detection of plant diseases and monitoring of the water supply to paddy fields, thereby improving the agricultural produce. Conclusion: This work envisions the development of an efficient technology for early detection of plant diseases, monitoring the water supply to paddy fields and thereby improving the agricultural produce. Generative AI is increasingly explored in precision agriculture for tasks such as synthetic training-data augmentation and natural-language farmer advisories; while such extensions are discussed as future work in this study, the present system's disease-prediction, irrigation, and pest-management outcomes are delivered entirely through the validated CNN, YOLOv8, and LSTM pipeline described here.

Phlorizin from Bauhinia blakeana Leaves: Isolation, HDAC8 Docking Analysis, Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells, and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

Bauhinia blakeana leaves, an understudied medicinal plant, harbor phlorizin (PZ), a natural dihydrochalcone with antioxidant properties that might play into Alzheimer's disease pathways through glucose handling and inflammation control. This work set out to isolate PZ from B. blakeana leaves, verify its structure, test its effects on neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells, and check how it binds to HDAC8, a key epigenetic target in neurodegeneration via computational docking. PZ came out clean from silica gel chromatography (fractions 54-62, single TLC spot at Rf 0.38), confirmed by melting point 110-113°C, ESI-MS m/z 437.2 [M+H]+, diagnostic NMR peaks for aromatic/sugar protons and carbons, and FTIR for OH/CO groups. PZ docked solidly into HDAC8's active site (-4.79 kcal/mol binding energy, Ki 7.28 µM), held by H-bonds to His143 (2.8 Å), His180 (2.9 Å), and Gly206 (2.7-3.1 Å), and hydrophobic fits with Phe207/Tyr306. In cells, it slashed viability dose-dependently, down to 8% at 40 µg/mL, IC50 9.13 µg/mL, with neurites retracting and cells shrinking above 10 µg/mL. This study showed that Bauhinia blakeana leaves were a reliable source of phlorizin and that the isolated compound was structurally identical to PZ reported from other plants. Computational docking suggested that phlorizin can occupy the catalytic pocket of HDAC8 in a reasonable binding orientation, pointing to a potential interaction with epigenetic machinery. In differentiated SH‑SY5Y cells, phlorizin produced a clear, concentration‑dependent loss of viability that matched the observed morphological damage.

Co-Administration Exposure Toxicity of Isoniazid and Rifampicin in Chang Liver Cell Lines

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

The study is designed to investigate the exposure toxicity of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) in combination on Chang liver cell lines. Each 50, 100, and 200 ng/ml of INH and RIF were co-administered to the Chang cell lines for a period of 24 hours; the untreated cell lines were served as a control. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the culture medium were assayed to determine the integrity of the cell lines. β-Galactosidase and cathepsin activities were also assayed in the lysosomal fraction. A comet assay was performed to determine DNA damage in the cell lines. The mRNA expressions of CYP2E1, BAX, BCL2, P53, and caspase-3 were studied. Cells treated with INH and RIF showed abnormal levels of ALP, AST, and ALT activities in the culture medium. However, no such abnormalities were inferred in the medium of the unexposed control cells. Altered enzymatic activities were seen in the lysosomal fractions of the treated cells, whereas no such abnormalities were detected in the untreated control cell lines. 71% of DNA damage was recorded in the intoxicated cells, whereas the DNA of the control cell lines remained intact. A significant increase in the CYP2E1, P53, and caspase-3, along with alterations in BAX and BCL2 mRNA expressions, was recorded in the intoxicated cells. In contrast, the untreated control cells showed optimal mRNA expression. This study demonstrated that exposure to INH and RIF in Chang liver cell lines compromised cellular integrity, altered the mRNA expression, and induced significant DNA damage.

The Art of Dye Expulsion in an Indian Freshwater Sponge

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

Sponges, regarded as ‘living fossils,’ provide important models for studying primitive mechanisms of environmental tolerance and immune defense. In freshwater sponges, adaptational plasticity reflects their capacity to modulate physiological, cellular, and immunological responses to environmental challenges, including the recognition and rapid elimination of foreign materials, thereby contributing to survival in biologically vulnerable environments that are often contaminated by pollutants. Their remarkable adaptational plasticity and immunological resilience are associated with an efficient innate immune system, mediated by specialized immunocytes. Microscopical observations of freshwater sponge cells employing phase-contrast, bright-field, confocal and scanning electron microscopy revealed the existence of heterogeneous populations of polyphenotypic cells, which are presumed to be involved in physiological defense, self–nonself recognition, and tolerance to environmental stress. In the present article, the filter-feeding mechanism and rapid expulsion of foreign materials by the Indian freshwater sponge Eunapius carteri are discussed, with particular emphasis on its innate immune reactivity in situ. To demonstrate the movement and expulsion of foreign material, small volumes of Alta and blue water-soluble dyes were administered directly into the sponge body using a syringe. Following administration, the sponge rapidly expelled the foreign dyes through the osculum proximal to the injection site, indicating a localized and prompt canal mediated expulsion reflex, in which flagellated choanocytes generate water currents that facilitate filter feeding, gaseous exchange, and excretion. The present paper would help the researchers to identify cellular and immunophysiological mechanisms governing filter-feeding and the precise mechanisms of dye uptake, intracellular processing, and subsequent expulsion in freshwater sponges.

Biochemical and Hematological Parameters among Patients of Mild and Severe Dengue: A Preliminary Study

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

Background: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV), represents a diverse set of clinical manifestations that range from mild febrile illness to severe complications such as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Severity caused by Dengue virus has been attributed to the occurrence of more than one DENV strain. However, there can be other pre-existing factors in the patients that may also add to the severity. This study focuses on analyzing and comparing the clinical observations as well as the biochemical assays of the dengue infected patients. Methods: The indoor patients (IPD) of Sharda Hospital who were confirmed cases of Dengue were taken for the study. The patients were divided into two categories: severe Dengue cases (ICU cases also included) and mild dengue cases. The Complete Blood Count (CBC), KFT (Kidney Function Test), LFT (Liver Function Test), etc. were analyzed. Results: It was observed that sodium level and total protein (liver) were low and chloride level and SGOT were high in some of the mild and severe patients. In a few cases the levels of monocytes were high, whereas TLC, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were observed to be low in the case of severe patients and high in a few cases of mild patients. These patients were mostly infected with a single strain; however, multiple DENV strains were also reported. Conclusion: The present study sensitizes the need to add these biochemical parameters and diagnose type-specific DENV infection to provide improvised and targeted clinical solutions.

Aquaponics Production of Indian Catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) Integrated with Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): Comparison with Controlled and Conventional Production Systems

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

The integration of aquaculture and hydroponics through aquaponics has emerged as a promising strategy to address the increasing demand for sustainable food production under conditions of limited land and freshwater resources. Fish performance was compared among aquaponic, recirculating aquaculture, and conventional tank systems, while lettuce productivity was assessed under aquaponic, hydroponic, and conventional soil-based cultivation across five consecutive 42-day crop cycles (CC1–CC5). Aquaponics significantly improved water quality by reducing residual ammonia, nitrite, phosphate, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids while maintaining dissolved oxygen and pH within favourable ranges for fish growth (p < 0.05). Consequently, C. magur reared in AQPS1 exhibited superior growth performance, achieving the highest final weight (143.05 ± 13.04 g), specific growth rate (2.43 ± 0.11% day⁻¹), thermal growth coefficient (0.78 ± 0.01), survival rate (95.83 ± 2.89%), and net biomass yield (5448.96 ± 98.53 g), together with the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.21 ± 0.03) (p < 0.05). For lettuce production, aquaponics progressively outperformed hydroponic and soil-based systems as the system matured, recording the highest plant biomass (58.43 ± 9.66 g) and maximum yield of 1168.77 ± 63.05 g m⁻² during the third crop cycle. These findings demonstrate that NFT-based aquaponics effectively couples fish and vegetable production while enhancing nutrient recycling, improving water quality, increasing productivity, and reducing environmental losses compared with conventional systems. The integration of C. magur and lettuce therefore represents a viable and climate-resilient food production model with considerable potential for adoption in resource-constrained regions of developing countries.

Soil Elemental Profiling and its Influence on the Mineral Potential of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees across Six Districts in Odisha, India

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

Introduction: Soil composition plays an important role in determining the phytochemical constituents there by the therapeutic efficiency of medicinal plants. In this work a comparative analysis of soil elemental profiles collected from six villages of six districts of Odisha like Balangir, Dhenkanal, Khordha, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur and Puri districts were carried out to estimate their influence on the elemental contents of a widely used medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata, which serves a significant position in Ayurveda as a traditional medicine. This plant is known for its anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective and source of anti-cancerous properties because of presence of the compound andrographolide. Methods: Soil samples and A. paniculata leaves were collected and analysed to evaluate the elemental composition, specifically the micro elements, trace elements and heavy metal contaminants X-ray florescence (XRF) spectroscopic analysis. Results: This study reveals no statistically significant overall correlation between the elemental contents of soil and leaves of A. paniculata collected from the area. Conclusion: This comparative soil mineral profiling and mineral content in A. paniculata leaf across six districts highlights distinct variations in nutrient availability, nutrient accumulation and heavy metal contamination. There is no significant influence on the mineral content of A. paniculata in relation with soil mineral content, but still this study will serve as a useful foundation for future research and sustainable cultivation.

Fetuin-A as Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Diagnosed Case of Prediabetic in Association with Glycaemic Indices

2026-11-09T17:32:31+00:00

Background: Prediabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by the impaired glucose fasting condition and/or glucose tolerance, representing a state of intermediate between diabetes and normal glucose metabolism. It is associated with multiple metabolic disturbances and elevated risk of diabetes mellitus. Fetuin-A, a multifunctional hepatokine and adipokine, plays important function in pathogenesis of several chronic diseases and insulin resistance. This research aimed to assess the serum levels of Fetuin-A in individuals with prediabetes in Duhok City. This study also aimed to examine the relationship between key metabolic risk factors and Fetuin-A levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 150 participants, aged 18–75 years, including 75 prediabetic and 75 Apparently Healthy subjects, recruited between September 2024 and July 2025. Prediabetes was diagnosed based on the criteria established by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin levels, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum Fetuin-A concentrations. Results: Prediabetic participants exhibited significantly higher mean serum Fetuin-A levels compared to apparently healthy subjects (439.62 ± 176.44 vs. 202.52 ± 115.12 ng/mL, p<0.001). Fetuin-A was positively correlated with FBG, OGTT, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, while no significant correlations (p>0.05) were found with other biochemical or lifestyle parameters. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of Fetuin-A are strongly related to prediabetes and multiple metabolic risk indicators. These findings support Fetuin-A as a probable preliminary biomarker for recognizing individuals at increased risk of diabetes. To fully confirm these findings, suggest that more extensive, larger-scale studies would be beneficial.

International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research

Natural Product Nanomedicine for Enhanced Bioavailability and Targeted Drug Delivery: Translational and Personalized Therapeutic Perspectives

Bacterial Biofilms in Livestock Diseases: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Persistence, and Therapeutic Challenges

Genomic Insights into Monkeypox Virus: Paving the Way for Targeted Vaccine Development and Therapeutic Targeting

Advances in SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy: Comparative Evidence for Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin in Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Disorders

Structured Comparative Review of Remote Sensing, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Deep Learning for Agricultural Monitoring and Crop Classification

Aquafaba-Based Non-Dairy Ice Cream Enriched with Ice Apple and Pomegranate

Assessing the Feasibility of Ecotourism: A Perspective on Doyang Reservoir, Nagaland, India

Enhancing Growth and Productivity of Broccoli through Natural Biostimulants: A Comparative Study of Seaweed and Moringa Leaf Extracts

Integrating Ethnographic Knowledge and Rhizosphere Microbiology of Peganum harmala in Kyrgyzstan

Association of Chronotype, Sleep Quality, Body Mass Index, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Precision Hydration and Integrated Pesticide Management System for Paddy Fields using Machine Learning and IOT

Phlorizin from Bauhinia blakeana Leaves: Isolation, HDAC8 Docking Analysis, Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells, and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease

Co-Administration Exposure Toxicity of Isoniazid and Rifampicin in Chang Liver Cell Lines

The Art of Dye Expulsion in an Indian Freshwater Sponge

Biochemical and Hematological Parameters among Patients of Mild and Severe Dengue: A Preliminary Study

Aquaponics Production of Indian Catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) Integrated with Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): Comparison with Controlled and Conventional Production Systems

Soil Elemental Profiling and its Influence on the Mineral Potential of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees across Six Districts in Odisha, India

Fetuin-A as Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Diagnosed Case of Prediabetic in Association with Glycaemic Indices

Soil Elemental Profiling and its Influence on the Mineral Potential of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees across Six Districts in Odisha, India