Neuro-Steroid Compound Found by GC-MS Analysis of The Methanolic Extract of The Leaves of Aegle marmelos (L) Corr.
Neuro-Steroid Compound in Leaf Extract of of Aegle marmelos
Abstract
Aegle marmelos (L) Corr. has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine due to its various medicinal properties. All parts of this plant like fruit, leaves, bark, stem, roots are used as medicine from time immemorial in India. Recent research by several workers have shown that this plant possesses various significant activities such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antispermatogenic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, laxative, febrifuge, and expectorant, chemopreventive, antipyretic, ulcer healing, antigenotoxic and diuretic. Despite the presence of these chemical compounds this plant remains as one of the underutilized fruits of West Bengal. The objective of this study was to determine if there was any novel bio-active compound in Bael with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis method. As a result of our investigation using GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Aegle marmelos (L) Corr. the presence of a unique compound, a neuro-steroid, 3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-1 has been reported. It is a progesterone derivative. More research is needed to test the efficacy of this chemical compound, 3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-1 in vivo.
Keywords:
Aegle marmelos (L) Corr., Bael. Ethono-medicine, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, 3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-1
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References
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Bansal Y and Bansal G. 2011. Analytical methods for standardization of Aegle marmelos: A review. J Pharm Educ Res.; 2(2): 37–44.
Chauhan A, Agarwal M. 2008. Reversible changes in the antifertility induced by Aegle marmelos in male albino rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med.; 54(6): 240–246.
De, Mitu, Chowdhury, Rita, Chattoraj, Sounima, Dutta, Upasana, Tripathy, Smritiratan Pal, Ankush and Dey, Santi Ranjan. 2015. Studies on Antifertility Activity of Bark Aqueous Extracts of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. in male Bandicota bengalensis (Gray, 1835): In search for a potential Rodenticide. Indian Journal of Biology (ISSN 2394- 1391) IJB, Vol.2 No.2 Jul-Dec 2015, pp. 135- 139.
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Mukherjee P. K., Rai S, Kumar V., Mukherjee K., Hylands P. J., Hider R. C. 2007. Plants of Indian origin for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov; 2: 633–657.
Nirupama G.S., Padmasri G., Ramesh R.V., Vasanthi M. 2012. Comparative analysis of phytochemical constituents present in various parts of Aegle marmelos. Asian Pac J Trop Dis.; 2:774-777.
Raja S. B, Murali M.R, Devaraj S. N. 2008. Differential expression of ompC and ompF in multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri by aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos, altering its susceptibility toward β-lactam antibiotics. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.; 61:321–328.
Reddy D S. 2003. Pharmacology of endogenous neuroactive steroids. Crit Rev. Neurobiol. 15 (3–4): 197–234.
Robertson DG. 2005. Metabonomics in toxicology: A review. Toxicol Sci.; 85: 809–22.
Roy S. K, Sing R. N. 1979. Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos): A potential fruit for processing. Econ Bot.; 33: 203–212.
Sahare K. N., Anandhraman V., Meshram V. G., Meshram S. U., Reddy M. V., Tumane P. M. and Goswami K. 2008. Anti- microfilarial activity of methanolic extract of Vitex negundo and Aegle marmelos and their phytochemical analysis. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2008; 46(2): 128-31.
Sahu AK, Kar BR, Deepthi K, Pallath KS, Dakni SJ, Samal P, Niharika NS, Swetha T, Sneha T, A. Anthony SP and HG Varshini R. 2019. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis and phytochemical characterization of Aegle marmelos (Bael) leaf, Stem and its screening of antimicrobial activity. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(3), 122-130.
Ariharan VN, Prasad PN. 2013. ‘Mahavilva’ A sacred tree with immense medicinal secrets. A mini review. Rasayan J Chem; 6(4): 342-52.
Baliga MS, Bhat HP, Joseph N, Fazal F. 2011. Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of the bael fruit (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa): A concise review. Food Res Int.; 44: 1768–1775.
Bansal Y and Bansal G. 2011. Analytical methods for standardization of Aegle marmelos: A review. J Pharm Educ Res.; 2(2): 37–44.
Chauhan A, Agarwal M. 2008. Reversible changes in the antifertility induced by Aegle marmelos in male albino rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med.; 54(6): 240–246.
De, Mitu, Chowdhury, Rita, Chattoraj, Sounima, Dutta, Upasana, Tripathy, Smritiratan Pal, Ankush and Dey, Santi Ranjan. 2015. Studies on Antifertility Activity of Bark Aqueous Extracts of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. in male Bandicota bengalensis (Gray, 1835): In search for a potential Rodenticide. Indian Journal of Biology (ISSN 2394- 1391) IJB, Vol.2 No.2 Jul-Dec 2015, pp. 135- 139.
Dhankhar S and Ruhil S. 2011. Aegle marmelos (Linn): a potential source of phytomedicine. J Med Plant Res; 5(9): 1497-1507.
Dutta A, Lal N, Naaz M, Ghosh A, Verma R. 2014. Ethnological and Ethno-medicinal importance of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr (Bael) among indigenous people of India. AJEthno.; 1: 290–312.
Fernie AR, Trethewey RN, Krotzky AJ, Willmitzer L. 2004. Metabolite profiling: From diagnostics to systems biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.; 5: 763–9.
Ganesh N S, Susheel K D, Piush S and Nitin S. Medicinal values of bael (Aegle marmelos) (L.) Corr.: a review. Inr J Cur Phar Rev Res , 2011; 1: 12–22.
Kamalakkannan N and Prince P.S. 2003. Hypoglycaemic effect of water extracts of Aegle marmelos fruits in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol.; 87: 207–210.
Kell DB, Brown M, Davey HM, Dunn WB, Spasic I, Oliver SG. 2005. Metabolic footprinting and systems biology: The medium is the message. Nat Rev Microbiol.; 3: 557–65.
Kumari Anupama, Tiwari R. C, Sharma Ved Bhushan and Tiwari, Shashikant. 2020. Bilwa (Aegle marmelos) - A Review Article. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, Vol. 8 (2), Feb, 2792 – 2796.
Lagercrantz H, Changeux J.P. 2009. The emergence of human consciousness: from fetal to neonatal life. Pediatr. Res. 65 (3): 255–60.
Lambole, Vijay B., Murti, Krishna, Kumar, Upendra, Bhatt, Sandipkumar, P. and Gajera. Vipul. 2010. Phytopharmacological properties of Aegle Marmelos as a potential medicinal tree: An overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. Vol. 5.(2), 67 -72 pp.
Lamia, Samanta Sifat, Shimo, Mafia Sultana, Rashed, Sadman Sakib Bin, Prima, Afroza Afrin, Mony, Armin Tania and Dash, Pritesh Ranjan. 2018. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Aegle marmelos L (Rutaceae): A Review. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 3 (3); 45-54 pp.
Malviya Rishabha , Kumar Ajay, Singh Anupama, Kulkarni GT . 2012. Pharmacological Screening, Ayurvedic values and Commercial Utility of Aegle Marmelos, Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., Jan-March 2012, 4(1): 28-37.
Mellor D.J., Diesch T. J., Gunn A.J., Bennet L. 2005. The importance of 'awareness' for understanding fetal pain. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 49 (3): 455– 71.
Mukherjee P. K., Rai S, Kumar V., Mukherjee K., Hylands P. J., Hider R. C. 2007. Plants of Indian origin for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov; 2: 633–657.
Nirupama G.S., Padmasri G., Ramesh R.V., Vasanthi M. 2012. Comparative analysis of phytochemical constituents present in various parts of Aegle marmelos. Asian Pac J Trop Dis.; 2:774-777.
Raja S. B, Murali M.R, Devaraj S. N. 2008. Differential expression of ompC and ompF in multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri by aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos, altering its susceptibility toward β-lactam antibiotics. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.; 61:321–328.
Reddy D S. 2003. Pharmacology of endogenous neuroactive steroids. Crit Rev. Neurobiol. 15 (3–4): 197–234.
Robertson DG. 2005. Metabonomics in toxicology: A review. Toxicol Sci.; 85: 809–22.
Roy S. K, Sing R. N. 1979. Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos): A potential fruit for processing. Econ Bot.; 33: 203–212.
Sahare K. N., Anandhraman V., Meshram V. G., Meshram S. U., Reddy M. V., Tumane P. M. and Goswami K. 2008. Anti- microfilarial activity of methanolic extract of Vitex negundo and Aegle marmelos and their phytochemical analysis. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2008; 46(2): 128-31.
Sahu AK, Kar BR, Deepthi K, Pallath KS, Dakni SJ, Samal P, Niharika NS, Swetha T, Sneha T, A. Anthony SP and HG Varshini R. 2019. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis and phytochemical characterization of Aegle marmelos (Bael) leaf, Stem and its screening of antimicrobial activity. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(3), 122-130.
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Dey, S., Dutta, S. and De, M. (2020) “Neuro-Steroid Compound Found by GC-MS Analysis of The Methanolic Extract of The Leaves of Aegle marmelos (L) Corr.”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 3(4), pp. 51-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.20.v03i04.006.
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