Design and Development of an Electronic Nose as a Device for Detecting the Aroma Quality of Pandanwangi Rice
Abstract
Pandanwangi rice, a local aromatic variety originating from Cianjur Regency, owes its distinct pandan aroma to the presence of the amino acid derivative compound phenylalanine, specifically 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Distinguishing the aroma of Pandanwangi rice serves as a key method for its identification. Electronic Nose (e-nose) technology, renowned for its ability to differentiate aromas emitted by organic materials, serves as a pivotal tool in this research. The primary objectives of this study are to ascertain the design techniques for electronic nose devices, evaluate the electronic nose's efficacy in detecting and distinguishing the aroma of Pandanwangi rice. Descriptive analysis was employed, utilizing Pandanwangi rice samples sourced from various districts including Warungkondang, Gekbrong, Cianjur, Campaka, Cugenang, and Cibeber, alongside Sintanur rice (positive control) and IR64 (negative control). The research findings demonstrate that the devised tool has the potential to swiftly detect the aroma of Pandanwangi rice. Furthermore, the results of aroma detection using the electronic nose device reveal discernible variations in the concentration of volatile compounds present in Pandanwangi rice. Notably, Pandanwangi rice from Cibeber District exhibits the highest concentration of volatile compounds, while that from Campaka District displays the lowest. Even Sintanur rice, which is known for its similarity and often mistaken by the general public as Pandanwangi rice, did not elicit a significant response from the sensor.
Keywords:
Aroma, E-nose, Pandanwangi, MQ-2 Sensor
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References
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Rahimzadeh, H., Sadeghi, M., Mireei, S. A., & Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M. (2022). Unsupervised modelling of rice aroma change during ageing based on electronic nose coupled with bio-inspired algorithms. Biosystems Engineering, 216, 132-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.02.010
Rasooli Sharabiani, V., & Khorramifar, A. (2022). Recognition and classification of pure and adulterated rice using the electronic nose. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 7(2), 4904-4910. https://doi.org/10.22034/JESS.2022.147669
Ren, F., Reilly, K., Kerry, J. P., Gaffney, M., Hossain, M., & Rai, D. K. (2017). Higher antioxidant activity, total flavonols, and specific quercetin glucosides in two different onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties grown under organic production: results from a 6-year field study. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 65(25), 5122-5132.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01352
Ritonga, MA. 2021. Detection of cooking oil aroma using a gas sensor in an electronic nose system. Journal of Physics: 1811 Conference Series 012105, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1811/1/012105
Sari, GY (2018). Design of an Electronic Nose (E-Nose) System for Detecting Breast Cancer Samples Based on an Arduino Uno Microcontroller. Journal of Physical Sciences, 10, 3–25. https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.10.1.1-10.2018
Setiawan, Y., Tanudjaja, H., & Octaviani, S. (2018). Penggunaan Internet of Things (IoT) untuk Pemantauan dan Pengendalian Sistem Hidroponik. TESLA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 20(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.24912/tesla.v20i2.2994
Shiddiq, M., Fadlillah, A., Ningsih, S. A., & Husein, I. R. (2021). Rancang Bangun Sistem Hidung Elektronik Berbasis Sensor Gas MQ untuk Mengevaluasi Kualitas Madu. Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Fisika, 9(2), 143-152.. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960%2Fjtaf.v9i2.2722
Suryana, T. (2021). Implementation of the MQ2 Sensor Module to Detect the Presence of Pollutant Gases in the Air. Journal of Unicom Computing, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v3i1.337
Trihaditia & Puspitasari (2020). Organoleptic test of rice bran fortification formulation in making instant pandanwangi rice porridge. Pro-STek 1 (1), 29. https://doi.org/10.35194/prs.v1i1.825
Wang, M., & Chen, Y. (2024). Electronic nose and its application in the food industry: a review. European Food Research and Technology, 250(1), 21-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04381-z
Zhou, M., Khir, R., Pan, Z., Campbell, J. F., Mutters, R., & Hu, Z. (2021). Feasibility of detection of infested rice using an electronic nose. Journal of Stored Products Research, 92.101805 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2021.101805
Barea-Ramos, J. D., Santos, J. P., Lozano, J., Rodríguez, M. J., Montero-Fernández, I., & Martín-Vertedor, D. (2023). Detection of aroma profile in Spanish rice paella during socarrat formation by electronic nose and sensory panel. Chemosensors, 11(6), 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060342
Caray, I. M. G., Ditchon, K. P. R., & Arboleda, E. R. (2024). Smart coffee aromas: A literature review on electronic nose technologies for quality assessment. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 506-514. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0407
Cascos, G., Montero-Fernández, I., Marcía-Fuentes, J. A., Aleman, R. S., Ruiz-Canales, A., & Martín-Vertedor, D. (2024). Electronic Prediction of Chemical Contaminants in Aroma of Brewed Roasted Coffee and Quantification of Acrylamide Levels. Foods, 13(5), 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050768
Chen, D., Wang, B., Zhang, T., & Chang, Z. (2023). Towards accuracy recognition and content estimation of typical pesticides in groundwater via electronic nose. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114642
DISPERTA. (2017). Agricultural Statistics on Livestock Plantations 2012. In K. Zainudin & AZ Fikri (Eds.), Agricultural Statistics . Data and Statistics Section. https://distan.babelprov.go.id/content/buku-statistik-tahun-2012
Hadi, S., Adil, A. 2019. Design and Development of a Gas Detector Based on the Mq-2 Sensor . In National Seminar on Information Systems and Sensitive Informatics Engineering 2019. Proceedings. Bumigora University. Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. https://ejurnal.dipanegara.ac.id/index.php/sensitif/article/view/562
Itani, T., Tamaki, M., Hayata, Y., Fushimi, T., & Hashizume, K. (2004). Variation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline concentration in aromatic rice grains collected in the same region in Japan and factors affecting its concentration. Plant production science, 7(2), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.7.178
Lelono, D., & Chairiawan, MA. (2013). Characterization of the Aroma Pattern of Pondoh Salak with an E-Nose Based on a Metal Oxide Sensor. IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems), 3 (1) : 71–82. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.3840
Mihrani, M., Anzar, A., & Azhar, M. (2022). Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) pada Air Minum terhadap Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Triton, 13(2), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.47687/jt.v13i2.273
Mo, Z., Li, Y., Nie, J. et al. (2019). Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice. Rice 12, 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-019-0328-4
MP3C. 2015. Application Requirements for Geographical Indication Registration for Cianjur Pandanwangi Rice . MP3C. https://ig.dgip.go.id/detail-ig/34
Pachauri, V., Singh, M. K., Singh, A. K., Singh, S., Shakeel, N. A., Singh, V. P., & Singh, N. K. (2010). Origin and genetic diversity of aromatic rice varieties, molecular breeding and chemical and genetic basis of rice aroma. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 19, 127-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03263333
Peris, M., & Escuder-Gilabert, L. (2009). A 21st century technique for food control: Electronic noses. Analytica chimica acta, 638(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.009
Putra, O. A., Firdaus, F., & Hersyah, M. H. (2015). Identifikasi Aroma Teh Dengan E-nose Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation. Prosiding Semnastek. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastek/article/view/849
Rahimzadeh, H., Sadeghi, M., Mireei, S. A., & Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M. (2022). Unsupervised modelling of rice aroma change during ageing based on electronic nose coupled with bio-inspired algorithms. Biosystems Engineering, 216, 132-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.02.010
Rasooli Sharabiani, V., & Khorramifar, A. (2022). Recognition and classification of pure and adulterated rice using the electronic nose. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 7(2), 4904-4910. https://doi.org/10.22034/JESS.2022.147669
Ren, F., Reilly, K., Kerry, J. P., Gaffney, M., Hossain, M., & Rai, D. K. (2017). Higher antioxidant activity, total flavonols, and specific quercetin glucosides in two different onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties grown under organic production: results from a 6-year field study. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 65(25), 5122-5132.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01352
Ritonga, MA. 2021. Detection of cooking oil aroma using a gas sensor in an electronic nose system. Journal of Physics: 1811 Conference Series 012105, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1811/1/012105
Sari, GY (2018). Design of an Electronic Nose (E-Nose) System for Detecting Breast Cancer Samples Based on an Arduino Uno Microcontroller. Journal of Physical Sciences, 10, 3–25. https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.10.1.1-10.2018
Setiawan, Y., Tanudjaja, H., & Octaviani, S. (2018). Penggunaan Internet of Things (IoT) untuk Pemantauan dan Pengendalian Sistem Hidroponik. TESLA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 20(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.24912/tesla.v20i2.2994
Shiddiq, M., Fadlillah, A., Ningsih, S. A., & Husein, I. R. (2021). Rancang Bangun Sistem Hidung Elektronik Berbasis Sensor Gas MQ untuk Mengevaluasi Kualitas Madu. Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Fisika, 9(2), 143-152.. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960%2Fjtaf.v9i2.2722
Suryana, T. (2021). Implementation of the MQ2 Sensor Module to Detect the Presence of Pollutant Gases in the Air. Journal of Unicom Computing, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v3i1.337
Trihaditia & Puspitasari (2020). Organoleptic test of rice bran fortification formulation in making instant pandanwangi rice porridge. Pro-STek 1 (1), 29. https://doi.org/10.35194/prs.v1i1.825
Wang, M., & Chen, Y. (2024). Electronic nose and its application in the food industry: a review. European Food Research and Technology, 250(1), 21-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04381-z
Zhou, M., Khir, R., Pan, Z., Campbell, J. F., Mutters, R., & Hu, Z. (2021). Feasibility of detection of infested rice using an electronic nose. Journal of Stored Products Research, 92.101805 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2021.101805
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How to Cite
Trihaditia, R., Sari, W., Latif, Z., Sugiarni, R. and Nugraha, R. (2024) “Design and Development of an Electronic Nose as a Device for Detecting the Aroma Quality of Pandanwangi Rice”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 7(2), pp. 178-185. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.015.
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