Investigation of Excretory–Secretory (ES) Antigens from Zoonotic Helminths, Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp., on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Proliferation
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide and remains a major cause of cancer‑related mortality. Recent studies suggest that helminth-derived molecules may influence tumor progression. This study evaluated the antiproliferative effects of excretory–secretory (ES) antigens derived from Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp. on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. Methods: ES antigens were collected from adult parasites obtained from infected bovines. The antiproliferative activity was assessed using an MTT assay at concentrations of 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL after 24 and 48 hours. Results: MTT results demonstrated reduced cell viability, particularly at the concentration of 20 µg/mL. Conclusion: These findings suggest that helminth-derived ES antigens possess potential antiproliferative properties.
Keywords:
Excretory–Secretory Antigens, Fasciola Spp, HCT116 Cell Line, Paramphistomum Spp.
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References
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Harnett, W., & Harnett, M. M. (2010). Helminth-derived immunomodulators: can understanding the worm produce the pill? Nature Reviews Immunology, 10(4), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2730
Hewitson, J. P., Grainger, J. R., &Maizels, R. M. (2009). Helminth immunoregulation: the role of parasite secreted proteins in modulating host immunity. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 167(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.04.008
Jacobs, B. A., Prince, S., & Smith, K. A. (2020). Gastrointestinal nematode-derived antigens alter colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration through regulation of cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217845
Lu, Z. H., Peng, J. H., Zhang, R. X., Wang, F., Sun, H. P., Fang, Y. J., ... & Pan, Z. Z. (2018). Dihydroartemisinin inhibits colon cancer cell viability by inducing apoptosis through up-regulation of PPARγ expression. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(2), 372-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.002
Maizels, R. M., Smits, H. H., & McSorley, H. J. (2018). Modulation of host immunity by helminths: the expanding repertoire of parasite effector molecules. Immunity, 49(5), 801-818.https://doi .org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.016
Sanchez-Barrera, C. A., Fernandez-Muñoz, K. V., Mendoza-Rodriguez, M. G., Ortiz-Melo, M. T., Carrillo-Pérez, J. A., Rodriguez-Sosa, M., & Terrazas, L. I. (2025). The Impact of Helminths on Colorectal Cancer: From Infections to the Isolation of Biotherapeutics. Pathogens, 14(9), 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14090949
Smallwood, T. B., Giacomin, P. R., Loukas, A., Mulvenna, J. P., Clark, R. J., & Miles, J. J. (2017). Helminth immunomodulation in autoimmune disease. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 453. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00453
Tan, B. L., Norhaizan, M. E., & Liew, W. P. P. (2018). Nutrients and oxidative stress: friend or foe?.Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018(1), 9719584. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9719584
Zhang, J., Zheng, W., Gong, Y., Jia, X., Liu, H., Guan, F., & Lei, J. (2026). A Hidden “Promoter”: Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen activates MAPK/PI3K-AKT pathways and inhibits autophagy to facilitate colorectal cancer. Infection and Immunity, 94(4), e00696-25. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00696-25
Zhou, S., Tang, J., & Wang, Y. (2026). Trichuris suis ova in inflammatory bowel disease-clinical challenges and translational pathways. Frontiers in Immunology, 17, 1611690. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1611690
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How to Cite
Nisha, M., Zakaria, N., Fauzi, N., Talib, N., Arumugam, S. and Bhoopathy, D. (2026) “Investigation of Excretory–Secretory (ES) Antigens from Zoonotic Helminths, Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp., on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Proliferation”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 9(3), pp. 69-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2026.v09i03.006.
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Research Articles
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