Natural Product Nanomedicine for Enhanced Bioavailability and Targeted Drug Delivery: Translational and Personalized Therapeutic Perspectives
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives from plant, microbial, and marine sources have long served as important drug leads because of their structural diversity and broad biological activities. However, poor aqueous solubility, low chemical stability, rapid metabolism, limited membrane permeability and restricted bioavailability continue to limit their clinical translation. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems provide a practical strategy to improve solubilization, pharmacokinetics, tissue targeting, controlled release and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles and mesoporous silica carriers have been explored to enhance the delivery of curcumin, ginsenosides, baicalin, resveratrol, gambogic acid and paclitaxel. Advanced strategies such as receptor-mediated uptake, blood-brain barrier penetration, pH- and redox-responsive release, microfluidic manufacturing, artificial intelligence-supported optimization, and personalized nanomedicine further improve therapeutic precision. Extraction yield varied significantly with solvent polarity, with methanol extract exhibiting the highest yield (38%), indicating efficient recovery of polar bioactive constituents. Physicochemical parameters confirmed the stability and quality of the extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and proteins in different solvent extracts. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that CNBP is a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, lipids, cardiac glycosides, and essential minerals. Aqueous extracts exhibited higher protein (159.65 ± 0.41 mg BSA/g) and flavonoid contents (366.6 ± 0.57 mg QE/g), whereas methanolic extracts showed elevated phenols and alkaloids. Hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated higher amino acid concentrations, suggesting improved extraction efficiency for mixed-polarity biomolecules. Nevertheless, scalability, long-term stability, immunogenicity, cost, reproducibility, regulatory evaluation and clinical validation remain major barriers. Overall, nanotechnology-based natural product delivery represents a promising approach for targeted therapy in oncology, neuroprotection and inflammatory diseases, provided that translational and regulatory challenges are addressed systematically.
Keywords:
Dendrimers, Liposomes, Nano-Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology, Natural Products, Paclitaxel, Personalized Nanomedicine, Polymeric Nanoparticles, Targeted Delivery
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References
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How to Cite
Prakash, M., Hemamalini, S., Gobi, S., Mathiyalagan, S. and Tinakarasundari, S. (2026) “Natural Product Nanomedicine for Enhanced Bioavailability and Targeted Drug Delivery: Translational and Personalized Therapeutic Perspectives”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 9(4), pp. 1-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2026.v09i04.001.
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Review Articles
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