Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Cocos nucifera Bee Pollen
Abstract
Background: Monofloral bee pollen is increasingly recognized as a nutritionally valuable natural product with promising applications in functional foods and herbal medicine. The present study evaluated the physicochemical, phytochemical, and nutritional characteristics of Cocos nucifera bee pollen extracted using solvents of varying polarity, namely acetone, ethanol, methanol, aqueous, and hydroethanolic solvents. Methods: Cocos nucifera bee pollen (CNBP) pellets were extracted by cold maceration, and the obtained extracts were subjected to physicochemical analysis, qualitative phytochemical screening, and quantitative nutritional evaluation using standard biochemical methods. Results: Extraction yield varied significantly with solvent polarity, with methanol extract exhibiting the highest yield (38%), indicating efficient recovery of polar bioactive constituents. Physicochemical parameters confirmed the stability and quality of the extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and proteins in different solvent extracts. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that CNBPis a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, dietary fibre, vitamins, lipids, cardiac glycosides, and essential minerals. Aqueous extracts exhibited higher protein (159.65 ± 0.41 mg BSA/g) and flavonoid contents (366.6 ± 0.57 mg QE/g), whereas methanolic extracts showed elevated phenols and alkaloids. Hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated higher amino acid concentrations, suggesting improved extraction efficiency for mixed-polarity biomolecules. Conclusion: The findings indicate that solvent polarity strongly influences the extraction efficiency and phytochemical composition of CNBP. Overall, the study highlights the nutraceutical potential and supports its prospective application in functional food and herbal formulations. Further pharmacological and clinical investigations are warranted to validate its therapeutic potential.
Keywords:
Cocos Nucifera Bee Pollen, Functional Foods, Phytochemicals, Nutritional Profiling
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References
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Bobiş, O., Urcan, A. C., De-Melo, A. A. M., & de Almeida-Muradian, L. B. (2025). Chemical composition of bee pollen. In Bee Products–Chemical and Biological Properties (pp. 339-390). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89049-9_11
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Manickam, N. and Marthandan, P. (2026) “Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Cocos nucifera Bee Pollen”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 9(3), pp. 76-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2026.v09i03.007.
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