Seed Scarification and Day Length Effect on the Germination and Vegetative Growth of Soybeans (Glycine max)
Abstract
Studies were carried out to determine the scarification and day length effects on the germination and early growth of soybean (Glycine max). Soil was collected from the biological garden of Yobe State University Damaturu. The soybean seed sample consists of two different treatments including scarified and unscarified seeds with two different levels of day length. A soybean of the tested varieties was sown in a polythene pot with a depth of half an inch. About two seeds mixed with a star dress were sown in each polythene bag. The data collected were analyzed using Genstat software 16 editions versus. Results of the experiments carried out indicate that, the seeds of soybeans have a highest rate of germination percentage when subjected to scarification treatment. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that, there is no effect of scarification on the germination of soybeans but there was significance in the effect of scarification on the vegetative growth in which the plants that were exposed to 12 hours day and 12 hours night grew faster than those exposed to 24 hours. It is therefore believed that the method of preventing dormancy can be used on soybeans in order to improve the growth and subsequent yield of the soybean crop.
Keywords:
Scarified, un-scarified, Day length, Germination Percentage, Dormancy, Growth
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References
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Srikanth, A., & Schmid, M. (2011). Regulation of flowering time: all roads lead to Rome. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 68, 2013-2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0673-y
Wang, X., Zhou, P., Huang, R., Zhang, J., & Ouyang, X. (2021). A daylength recognition model of photoperiodic flowering. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 778515. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.778515
Zeevaart, J. A. (2006). Florigen coming of age after 70 years. The Plant Cell, 18(8), 1783-1789. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.043513
Zeng, H., Liu, M., Wang, X., Liu, L., Wu, H., Chen, X., et al. (2022). Seed-soaking with melatonin for the improvement of seed germination, seedling growth, and the antioxidant defense system under flooding stress. Agronomy 12, 1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081918
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Zong, W., Ren, D., Huang, M., Sun, K., Feng, J., Zhao, J., & Guo, J. (2021). Strong photoperiod sensitivity is controlled by cooperation and competition among Hd1, Ghd7 and DTH8 in rice heading. New Phytologist, 229(3), 1635-1649. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16946
Yurkov AP, Afonin AM, Kryukov AA, Gorbunova AO, Kudryashova TR, Kovalchuk AI, Gorenkova AI, Bogdanova EM, Kosulnikov YV, Laktionov YV, Kozhemyakov AP, Romanyuk DA, Zhukov VA, Puzanskiy RK, Mikhailova YV, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. (2023). The Effects of Rhizophagus irregularis Inoculation on Transcriptome of Medicago lupulina Leaves at Early Vegetative and Flowering Stages of Plant Development. Plants (Basel). 12(20):3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203580
Allagulova CR, Lubyanova AR, Avalbaev AM.(2023). Multiple Ways of Nitric Oxide Production in Plants and Its Functional Activity under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 24(14):11637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411637
Awan S A, Khan I, Wang Q, Gao J, Tan X and Yang F (2023). Pre-treatment of melatonin enhances the seed germination responses and physiological mechanisms of soybean (Glycine max L.) under abiotic stresses. Front. Plant Sci. 14:1149873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1149873
Bellaloui, N., Bruns, H. A., Abbas, H. K., Mengistu, A., Fisher, D. K., & Reddy, K. N. (2015). Agricultural practices altered soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and minerals in the Midsouth USA. Frontiers in plant science, 6, 31. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00031
Bourle, I.and Dean, C. (2006). The timing of development transition in plants. cell.125(4): p655-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.005
Cao,J.,Xie, C.,and Hou,Z. (2022).Ecological evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the soil of Pb-zn mines. Ecotoxicology 31, 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02505-3
Çalişkan, S., Arslan, M., Üremiş, İ., & Çalişkan, M. E. (2007). The effects of row spacing on yield and yield components of full season and double-cropped soybean. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(3), 147-154. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/vol31/iss3/1
Chaudhry, S., and Sidhu, G. P. S. (2022). Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: A comprehensive review. Plant Cell Rep. 41, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02759-5
Desai, J. S., Lawas, L. M. F., Valente, A. M., Leman, A. R., Grinevich, D. O., Jagadish, S. K., & Doherty, C. J. (2021). Warm nights disrupt transcriptome rhythms in field-grown rice panicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(25), e2025899118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025899118
Guo, X., Shao, X., Trishna, S. M., Marinova, D., and Hossain, A. (2021). “Soybeans consumption and production in China: Sustainability perspective,” in Research anthology on food waste reduction and alternative diets for food and nutrition security (Hershey, PA: IGI Global), 1256–1275.
Imran, M.,AaqilKhan, M.,Shahzad, R., Bilal,S.,Khan, M., Yun, B.-W (2021). Melatonin ameliorates thermotolerance in soybean seedling through balancing redox homeostasis and modulating antioxidant defense, phytohormones and polyamines biosynthesis. Molecules 26, 5116. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175116
Kopecká R, Kameniarová M, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Novák J.(2023). Abiotic Stress in Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci. 24(7):6603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076603
Khan, M., Ali, S., Al Azzawi, T. N. I., Saqib, S., Ullah, F., Ayaz, A., et al. (2023). The key roles of ROS and RNS as a signaling molecule in plant–microbe interactions. Antioxidants 12, 268. https://doi.org10.3390/antiox12020268
Manafi, H., Baninasab, B., Gholami, M., Talebi, M., and Khanizadeh, S. (2022). Exogenous melatonin alleviates heat-induced oxidative damage in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa duch. cv. ventana) plant. J. Plant Growth Regul. 41, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10279-x
Mushtaq, N., Iqbal, S., Hayat, F., Raziq, A., Ayaz, A., and Zaman, W. (2022). Melatonin in micro-tom tomato: Improved drought tolerance via the regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus, membrane stability, osmoprotectants, and root system. Life 12, 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111922
Ort, N. W., Morrison, M. J., Cober, E. R., Samanfar, B., & Lawley, Y. E. (2022). Photoperiod affects node appearance rate and flowering in early maturing soybean. Plants, 11(7),871. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070871
Raza, A., Charagh, S., Garcı́a-Caparrós, P., Rahman, M. A., Ogwugwa, V. H., Saeed, F (2022). Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants.GM Crops Food 13, 196–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111
Wei, J., Liang, J., Liu, D., Liu, Y., Liu, G., and Wei, S. (2022). Melatonin-induced physiology and transcriptome changes in banana seedlings under salt stress conditions. Front. Plant Sci. 13. https:10.3389/fpls.2022.938262
Siamabele, B. (2021). The significance of soybean production in the face of changing climates in Africa. Cogent Food Agric. 7 (1), 1933745. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1933745
Srikanth, A., & Schmid, M. (2011). Regulation of flowering time: all roads lead to Rome. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 68, 2013-2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0673-y
Wang, X., Zhou, P., Huang, R., Zhang, J., & Ouyang, X. (2021). A daylength recognition model of photoperiodic flowering. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 778515. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.778515
Zeevaart, J. A. (2006). Florigen coming of age after 70 years. The Plant Cell, 18(8), 1783-1789. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.043513
Zeng, H., Liu, M., Wang, X., Liu, L., Wu, H., Chen, X., et al. (2022). Seed-soaking with melatonin for the improvement of seed germination, seedling growth, and the antioxidant defense system under flooding stress. Agronomy 12, 1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081918
Zhao, J., Wang, C., Shi, X., Bo, X., Li, S., Shang, M., et al. (2021). Modeling climatically suitable areas for soybean and their shifts across China. Agric. Syst. 192, 103205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103205
Zong, W., Ren, D., Huang, M., Sun, K., Feng, J., Zhao, J., & Guo, J. (2021). Strong photoperiod sensitivity is controlled by cooperation and competition among Hd1, Ghd7 and DTH8 in rice heading. New Phytologist, 229(3), 1635-1649. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16946
Yurkov AP, Afonin AM, Kryukov AA, Gorbunova AO, Kudryashova TR, Kovalchuk AI, Gorenkova AI, Bogdanova EM, Kosulnikov YV, Laktionov YV, Kozhemyakov AP, Romanyuk DA, Zhukov VA, Puzanskiy RK, Mikhailova YV, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. (2023). The Effects of Rhizophagus irregularis Inoculation on Transcriptome of Medicago lupulina Leaves at Early Vegetative and Flowering Stages of Plant Development. Plants (Basel). 12(20):3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203580
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How to Cite
Nuhu, M., & Saidu, S. (2024). Seed Scarification and Day Length Effect on the Germination and Vegetative Growth of Soybeans (Glycine max). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 7(1), 82-88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i01.009
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Research Articles
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