Application of Ethnopharmacology in Medicine, Laonti Subdistrict, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the diseases that frequently affects the people of Laonti Subdistrict. Locals widely employ herbal medicine as part of their community culture to address health problems. The aim of this research is to identify the types of plants used as traditional medicine for hypertension, determine the parts of the plants used, and understand how these medicinal plants are processed and utilized for treating hypertension. This study is descriptive in nature, using qualitative data analysis with purposive sampling techniques. Data on medicinal plants was collected through direct questionnaire interviews with 79 respondents. The information obtained includes the names of medicinal plants, the parts of the plants used, and the methods of preparation and use. According to the research, 17 different types of plants were found in the Laonti Subdistrict. Annona muricata, Allium sativum, and Morinda citrifolia were the most popular. The most commonly used parts of these plants are the leaves, followed by the fruit and roots. The majority of people use plants in their fresh form. Consumption patterns include occasional use, as well as daily doses of once, twice, or three times per day. All respondents agreed that herbal medicines were more affordable than chemical drugs. Also, 98.9% of those who answered thought that herbal medicines worked about the same way chemical medicines did. About 40.5% saw herbal medicine as an alternative to chemical drugs, and 16.5% thought it was safe to use herbal medicines.
Keywords:
Coastal Communities, Ethnopharmacology, Herbal Medicine, Hypertension
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References
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Alfaqih, M. R., & Kurniati, M. F. (2021). The Perception of Herbal Concumption: A Phenomenology Study Among Patients with Hypertension. Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education and Clinic (INJEC), 6(2), 146-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v6i2.425
Alves, R. R., & Rosa, I. M. (2007). Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet? Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-14
Angelina, M., Amelia, P., Irsyad, M., Meilawati, L., & Hanafi, M. (2015). Characterization of Ethanol Extract from Katumpangan Air Herbs (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth. Biopropal Industri, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v6i2.835
Atayoglu, A. T., Tokaç, M., Doğan, S., Güner, A., Kocayiğit, E., & Güner, M. (2023). Traditional and complementary medicine perspectives of family physicians in Istanbul. Family Practice and Palliative Care, 8(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1192917
Azizah, N., Halimah, E., Puspitasari, I. M., & Hasanah, A. N. (2021). Simultaneous use of herbal medicines and antihypertensive drugs among hypertensive patients in the community: A review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 259-270. http://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S289156
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Bussmann, R. W., & Sharon, D. (2006). Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-47
Cho, I. J., Shin, J. H., Jung, M. H., Kang, C. Y., Hwang, J., Kwon, C. H., ... & Sung, K. C. (2021). Antihypertensive drugs and the risk of cancer: a nationwide cohort study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040771
Coyle, M. E., Yu, J. J., Zhang, A. L., Jones, L., Xue, C. C., & Lu, C. (2020). Patient experiences of using Chinese herbal medicine for psoriasis vulgaris and chronic urticaria: a qualitative study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 31(4), 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2019.1591580
Eruçar F., Tan, N., & MİSKİ, M. (2023). Ethnobotanical records of medicinal plants of Turkey effective on stress management Complied with the literature survey in their chemical content and activities. Records of Natural Products, 17. 1-92. http://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.324.2203.2372
Jannah, R. N. (2010). Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L) Sebagai Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Pengendalian Hama Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). [Effectiveness of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) as a Vegetable Pepticide for Controlling Mustard Plant Pests (Brassica juncea L.). [Thesis]. Department of Biology, Teacher Training and Education, Faculty of Education, Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta] Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/8514
Judith, O., Ijeoma, O., Ekere, K., Isaac, A., Christianah, I., Olubunmi, O., & Martins, E. (2016). Popularity and customer preferences for herbal medicines in Nigeria: a questionnaire based survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 4(3), 69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.73/2016.4.3/73.3.69.76
Kamyab, R., Namdar, H., Torbati, M., Ghojazadeh, M., Araj-Khodaei, M., & Fazljou, S. M. B. (2020). Medicinal plants in the treatment of hypertension: A review. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 11(4), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2021.090
Koswara, K. (2006). Sukun Sebagai Cadangan Pangan Alternatif. [Breadfruit as an Alternative Food Reserve] Ebookpangan.com.2006. Pitojo, S. (1995). Budidaya Sukun. Penerbit Kanisius. Jakarta. Setiadi, D.
Kumar, K. A., Gousia, S. K., Anupama, M. A. J. N. L. L., & Latha, J. N. L. (2013). A review on phytochemical constituents and biological assays of Averrhoa bilimbi. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci Res, 3(4), 136-139. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/5219354/A_REVIEW_ON_PHYTOCHEMICAL_CONSTITUENTS_AND_BIOLOGICAL_ASSAYS_OF_AVERRHOA_BILIMBI
Kuswardhani, D. S. (2016). Sehat tanpa obat dengan bawang merah-bawang putih. [Healthy Without Medication Using Shallots and Garlic]. Yogyakarta: Rapha Publishing. Available at: http://layanan.dispusip.bandung.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=33591
Leonti, M., & Casu, L. (2013). Traditional medicines and globalization: current and future perspectives in ethnopharmacology. Frontiers in pharmacology, 4, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00092
Mbuni, Y. M., Wang, S., Mwangi, B. N., Mbari, N. J., Musili, P. M., Walter, N. O., ... & Wang, Q. (2020). Medicinal plants and their traditional uses in local communities around Cherangani Hills, Western Kenya. Plants, 9(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030331
Moke, L. E., Koto-te-Nyiwa, N. G. N., Bongo, L. M., Noté, O. P., Mbing, J. N., & Mpiana, P. T. (2017). Artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (Moraceae): phytochemistry, Pharmacology and future directions, a mini-review. Journal of Advanced Botany and Zoology, 5(3), 1-8.
Muti, R. T. (2017). Pengaruh parutan kunyit pada penurunan hipertensi pada lansia di Kelurahan Berkoh Kecamatan Purwokerto Selatan Kabupaten Banyumas.[The Effect of Grated Turmeric on Reducing Hypertension in the Elderly in Berkoh Subdistrict, South Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency]. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan, 15(2), 84-90. Available at: https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/medisains/article/viewFile/1645/1395
Naomiyah, T. S., Sustrami, D., & Kirana, S. A. C. (2019). Efektifitas Pemberian Rebusan Daun Alpukat terhadap Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Siwalankerto Surabaya. [Effectiveness of Giving Avocado Leaf Decoction on the Blood Pressure of Hypertension Sufferers at the Siwalankerto Health Center, Surabaya.] Bali Health Published Journal, 1(2), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.47859/bhpj.v1i2.105
Nurdayati, M. R., Sabty, R. K., & Hasan, K. (2022). Communication in medical perspective in coastal communities. In Proceedings of International Conference on Communication Science, 2(1), 688-693, https://doi.org/10.29303/iccsproceeding.v2i1.64
Nurjanah, N., Sriagustini, I., & Hidayani, W. R. (2023). Determinants of the incidence of hypertension in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Sciences, 2(01), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.56741/jphs.v2i01.257
Nurlila, R. U., & La Fua, J. (2023). Studi Etnobotani dan Kajian Aktivitas Antimikroba Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan Tolisi (Wrightia calycina A. DC) sebagai Anti Katarak Pada Suku Pedalaman Sulawesi Tenggara. [Ethnobotanical study and study of the antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of tolasi plants (Wrighitia calycina A.DC) as Anti-Cataracts in the Inland Tribe of Southeast Sulawesi.] Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia, 9(2), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpi.v9i2.372
Sari, C. Y. (2015). Penggunaan buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi. [The Use of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) to Lower High Blood Pressure]. Jurnal Majority, 4(3), 34-40.Availble at: https://surl.li/aicuwh
Subenthiran, S., Choon, T. C., Cheong, K. C., Thayan, R., Teck, M. B., Muniandy, P. K., ... & Ismail, Z. (2013). Carica papaya leaves juice significantly accelerates the rate of increase in platelet count among patients with dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/616737
Tika, T. T. (2021). The Effect of Giving Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on Hypertension'. Jurnal Medika, 3(01), 1260-1265.
Valenzuela, P. L., Carrera-Bastos, P., Gálvez, B. G., Ruiz-Hurtado, G., Ordovas, J. M., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucia, A. (2021). Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(4), 251-275. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9
Wajngarten, M., & Silva, G. S. (2019). Hypertension and stroke: update on treatment. European Cardiology Review, 14(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2019.11.1
Abubakar, A. R., & Haque, M. (2020). Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjpbs.JPBS_175_19
Ahmad, K., Ahmad, M., Huber, F. K., & Weckerle, C. S. (2021). Traditional medicinal knowledge and practices among the tribal communities of Thakht-e-Sulaiman Hills, Pakistan. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03403-1
Alatas, H., Sja’bani, M., Mustofa, M., Mukti, A. G., Bawazier, L. A., Irijanto, F., ... & Tomino, Y. (2020). The effects of soursop supplementation on blood pressure, serum uric acid, and kidney function in a prehypertensive population in accordance with the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Journal of Human Hypertension, 34(3), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0235-6 .
Alfaqih, M. R., & Kurniati, M. F. (2021). The Perception of Herbal Concumption: A Phenomenology Study Among Patients with Hypertension. Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education and Clinic (INJEC), 6(2), 146-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v6i2.425
Alves, R. R., & Rosa, I. M. (2007). Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet? Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-14
Angelina, M., Amelia, P., Irsyad, M., Meilawati, L., & Hanafi, M. (2015). Characterization of Ethanol Extract from Katumpangan Air Herbs (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth. Biopropal Industri, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v6i2.835
Atayoglu, A. T., Tokaç, M., Doğan, S., Güner, A., Kocayiğit, E., & Güner, M. (2023). Traditional and complementary medicine perspectives of family physicians in Istanbul. Family Practice and Palliative Care, 8(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1192917
Azizah, N., Halimah, E., Puspitasari, I. M., & Hasanah, A. N. (2021). Simultaneous use of herbal medicines and antihypertensive drugs among hypertensive patients in the community: A review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 259-270. http://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S289156
Balderrama-Carmona, A. P., Silva-Beltrán, N. P., Gálvez-Ruiz, J. C., Ruíz-Cruz, S., Chaidez-Quiroz, C., & Morán-Palacio, E. F. (2020). Antiviral, antioxidant, and antihemolytic effect of Annona muricata L. leaves extracts. Plants, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121650
Bussmann, R. W., & Sharon, D. (2006). Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-47
Cho, I. J., Shin, J. H., Jung, M. H., Kang, C. Y., Hwang, J., Kwon, C. H., ... & Sung, K. C. (2021). Antihypertensive drugs and the risk of cancer: a nationwide cohort study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040771
Coyle, M. E., Yu, J. J., Zhang, A. L., Jones, L., Xue, C. C., & Lu, C. (2020). Patient experiences of using Chinese herbal medicine for psoriasis vulgaris and chronic urticaria: a qualitative study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 31(4), 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2019.1591580
Eruçar F., Tan, N., & MİSKİ, M. (2023). Ethnobotanical records of medicinal plants of Turkey effective on stress management Complied with the literature survey in their chemical content and activities. Records of Natural Products, 17. 1-92. http://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.324.2203.2372
Jannah, R. N. (2010). Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L) Sebagai Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Pengendalian Hama Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). [Effectiveness of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) as a Vegetable Pepticide for Controlling Mustard Plant Pests (Brassica juncea L.). [Thesis]. Department of Biology, Teacher Training and Education, Faculty of Education, Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta] Available at: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/8514
Judith, O., Ijeoma, O., Ekere, K., Isaac, A., Christianah, I., Olubunmi, O., & Martins, E. (2016). Popularity and customer preferences for herbal medicines in Nigeria: a questionnaire based survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 4(3), 69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.73/2016.4.3/73.3.69.76
Kamyab, R., Namdar, H., Torbati, M., Ghojazadeh, M., Araj-Khodaei, M., & Fazljou, S. M. B. (2020). Medicinal plants in the treatment of hypertension: A review. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 11(4), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2021.090
Koswara, K. (2006). Sukun Sebagai Cadangan Pangan Alternatif. [Breadfruit as an Alternative Food Reserve] Ebookpangan.com.2006. Pitojo, S. (1995). Budidaya Sukun. Penerbit Kanisius. Jakarta. Setiadi, D.
Kumar, K. A., Gousia, S. K., Anupama, M. A. J. N. L. L., & Latha, J. N. L. (2013). A review on phytochemical constituents and biological assays of Averrhoa bilimbi. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci Res, 3(4), 136-139. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/5219354/A_REVIEW_ON_PHYTOCHEMICAL_CONSTITUENTS_AND_BIOLOGICAL_ASSAYS_OF_AVERRHOA_BILIMBI
Kuswardhani, D. S. (2016). Sehat tanpa obat dengan bawang merah-bawang putih. [Healthy Without Medication Using Shallots and Garlic]. Yogyakarta: Rapha Publishing. Available at: http://layanan.dispusip.bandung.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=33591
Leonti, M., & Casu, L. (2013). Traditional medicines and globalization: current and future perspectives in ethnopharmacology. Frontiers in pharmacology, 4, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00092
Mbuni, Y. M., Wang, S., Mwangi, B. N., Mbari, N. J., Musili, P. M., Walter, N. O., ... & Wang, Q. (2020). Medicinal plants and their traditional uses in local communities around Cherangani Hills, Western Kenya. Plants, 9(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030331
Moke, L. E., Koto-te-Nyiwa, N. G. N., Bongo, L. M., Noté, O. P., Mbing, J. N., & Mpiana, P. T. (2017). Artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (Moraceae): phytochemistry, Pharmacology and future directions, a mini-review. Journal of Advanced Botany and Zoology, 5(3), 1-8.
Muti, R. T. (2017). Pengaruh parutan kunyit pada penurunan hipertensi pada lansia di Kelurahan Berkoh Kecamatan Purwokerto Selatan Kabupaten Banyumas.[The Effect of Grated Turmeric on Reducing Hypertension in the Elderly in Berkoh Subdistrict, South Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency]. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan, 15(2), 84-90. Available at: https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/medisains/article/viewFile/1645/1395
Naomiyah, T. S., Sustrami, D., & Kirana, S. A. C. (2019). Efektifitas Pemberian Rebusan Daun Alpukat terhadap Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Siwalankerto Surabaya. [Effectiveness of Giving Avocado Leaf Decoction on the Blood Pressure of Hypertension Sufferers at the Siwalankerto Health Center, Surabaya.] Bali Health Published Journal, 1(2), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.47859/bhpj.v1i2.105
Nurdayati, M. R., Sabty, R. K., & Hasan, K. (2022). Communication in medical perspective in coastal communities. In Proceedings of International Conference on Communication Science, 2(1), 688-693, https://doi.org/10.29303/iccsproceeding.v2i1.64
Nurjanah, N., Sriagustini, I., & Hidayani, W. R. (2023). Determinants of the incidence of hypertension in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Sciences, 2(01), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.56741/jphs.v2i01.257
Nurlila, R. U., & La Fua, J. (2023). Studi Etnobotani dan Kajian Aktivitas Antimikroba Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan Tolisi (Wrightia calycina A. DC) sebagai Anti Katarak Pada Suku Pedalaman Sulawesi Tenggara. [Ethnobotanical study and study of the antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of tolasi plants (Wrighitia calycina A.DC) as Anti-Cataracts in the Inland Tribe of Southeast Sulawesi.] Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia, 9(2), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpi.v9i2.372
Sari, C. Y. (2015). Penggunaan buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi. [The Use of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) to Lower High Blood Pressure]. Jurnal Majority, 4(3), 34-40.Availble at: https://surl.li/aicuwh
Subenthiran, S., Choon, T. C., Cheong, K. C., Thayan, R., Teck, M. B., Muniandy, P. K., ... & Ismail, Z. (2013). Carica papaya leaves juice significantly accelerates the rate of increase in platelet count among patients with dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/616737
Tika, T. T. (2021). The Effect of Giving Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on Hypertension'. Jurnal Medika, 3(01), 1260-1265.
Valenzuela, P. L., Carrera-Bastos, P., Gálvez, B. G., Ruiz-Hurtado, G., Ordovas, J. M., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucia, A. (2021). Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(4), 251-275. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9
Wajngarten, M., & Silva, G. S. (2019). Hypertension and stroke: update on treatment. European Cardiology Review, 14(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2019.11.1
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Nurlila, R., Fua, J., Andriani, R. and Sari, N. (2025) “Application of Ethnopharmacology in Medicine, Laonti Subdistrict, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(2), pp. 64-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2025.v08i02.006.
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