Potential of Natural Plant Extracts in Combating the Bacterial Contaminants from Poultry Water Sample
Abstract
Background: The poultry industry represents an integral part of worldwide livestock economies; however, it is highly jeopardized by bacterial and parasitic infections. An increased development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worsens this challenge. This study investigates the potential of plant-based extracts as alternative antibacterial agents in poultry management. Bacterial contaminants were isolated by serial dilution agar plat technique. Result: Two bacterial contaminates were isolated namely Poultry Water isolate 1 (PW1) and Poultry Water isolate 2 (PW2). A total of 21 plant extracts of 7 plants (ginger (Zingiber Sp.), mulberry (Morus Sp.), mango (Mangifera Sp.), curry (Murraya Sp.), neem (Azadirachta Sp.), black pepper (Piper Sp.), and ajwain (Trachyspermum Sp. were prepared in different solvents such as distilled water, ethanol and petroleum ether and screened against bacterial contaminants by using agar well diffusion. Extracts from mango and mulberry leaves demonstrated potent action against PW1, whereas curry and mango leaves demonstrated efficacy against PW2. The rhizomes of ginger and neem also produced significant impacts, while Cephalexin showed the strongest antibacterial efficacy overall. The phytochemical examination of the mango leaf extract showed flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The mango leaf extract's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.15% against PW1 and 0.625% against PW2. Conclusion: The findings suggest that plant extracts, especially those derived from mango leaves, present a promising natural substitute for traditional antibiotics in poultry farming, with the potential to lower antibiotic usage and counteract antibiotic resistance. To investigate their modes of action and efficacy in diverse poultry production scenarios, more investigation is required. The purpose of this study was to assess the plant extracts' antibacterial efficacy against bacterial pollutants found in chicken water samples.
Keywords:
Antibacterial, Alternative Control, Phytochemical, Poultry Farm
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abdullah, S. S. S., & Mazlan, A. N. (2020). Quantification of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in several herbal and green tea products in Malaysia. Materials Today: Proceedings, 31, A106-A113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.1083
Abiala, M., Olayiwola, J., Babatunde, O., Aiyelaagbe, O., & Akinyemi, S. (2016). Evaluation of therapeutic potentials of plant extracts against poultry bacteria threatening public health. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1399-z
Abreu, R., Semedo-Lemsaddek, T., Cunha, E., Tavares, L., & Oliveira, M. (2023). Antimicrobial drug resistance in poultry production: Current status and innovative strategies for bacterial control. Microorganisms, 11(4), 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040953
Agyare, C., Boamah, V. E., Zumbi, C. N., &Osei, F. B. (2018). Antibiotic use in poultry production and its effects on bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance—A global threat, IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79371
Ajila, C. M., Naidu, K. A., Bhat, S. G., & Rao, U. P. (2007). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of mango peel extract. Food Chemistry, 105(3), 982-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.052
Akinmoladun, A. C., Ibukun, E. O., Afor, E., Obuotor, E. M., & Farombi, E. O. (2007). Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Sci Res Essay, 2(5), 163-166. https://academicjournals.org/article/article1380191019_Akinmoladun%20%20et%20al.pdf
Akond, M. A., Alam, S., Hassan, S. M. R., & Shirin, M. (2009). Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and poultry environment of Bangladesh. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.47.52
Alzoreky, N. S., & Nakahara, K. (2003). Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 80(3), 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00169-1
Aneja, K. R. (2007). Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology and biotechnology. New Age International. New Delhi, India. https://books.google.com.np/books?id=QYI4xk9kOIMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Anizoba, N. W., Ugwu, S. O., Ndofor-Foleng, H. M., Onyimonyi, A. E., Ikeh, N. E., Ezenwosu, C., ... & Machebe, N. S. (2024). Effects of aqueous extracts of neem leaf and ginger rhizome on growth performance and haematological parameters of pure and crossbred chickens. Journal of World’s Poultry Research, 14(3), 273-281. https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.28
Aslam, J., Ali, H. M., Hussain, S., Ahmad, M. Z., Siddique, A. B., Shahid, M., ... & Alarjani, K. M. (2024). Effectiveness of cephalosporins in hydrolysis and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. Journal of Veterinary Science, 25(3), e47. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.23258
European Food Safety Authority (2017). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2016. EFSA Journal, 15(12), e05077. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5077
Eid, S., & Erfan, A. M. (2013). Characterization of E. coli associated with high mortality in poultry flocks. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 59(139), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2013.171926
Enejiyon, S., Abdulrahman, A. H., Adedeji, A., Abdulsalam, R., & Oyedum, M. (2020). Antibacterial activities of the extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) against selected pathogenic bacteria. Tanzania Journal of Science, 46(3), 914-922. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v46i3.29
Gržinić, G., Piotrowicz-Cieślak, A., Klimkowicz-Pawlas, A., Górny, R. L., Ławniczek-Wałczyk, A., Piechowicz, L., ... & Wolska, L. (2023). Intensive poultry farming: A review of the impact on the environment and human health. Science of the Total Environment, 858, 160014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160014
Hooda, P. S., Edwards, A. C., Anderson, H. A., & Miller, A. (2000). A review of water quality concerns in livestock farming areas. Science of The Total Environment, 250(1-3), 143-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00373-9
Ofongo, R. T., Ohimain, E. I., & Iyayi, E. A. (2021). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of bitter and Neem leaves and their potential as antimicrobial growth promoter in poultry feed. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 32(4), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i430383
Jamil, M., Aleem, M. T., Shaukat, A., Khan, A., Mohsin, M., Rehman, T. U., ... & Li, K. (2022). Medicinal plants as an alternative to control poultry parasitic diseases. Life, 12(3), 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030449
Katariya, C., & Arjunkumar, R. (2019). Antimicrobial effect of curry leaves on Staphylococcus aureus–An In vitro Study. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(7), 3318-3322. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00559.6
Khanal, T., Raut, S. B., &Paneru, U. (2017). Study of antibiotic resistance on Escherichia coli in commercial poultry of Nepal. Nepalese Veterinary Journal, 34, 6-17. https://doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v34i0.22859
Masibo, M., & He, Q. (2008). Major mango polyphenols and their potential significance to human health. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7(4), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00047.x
Mohammed, M. T. (2023). Analytical detection of phytochemical compounds in Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 66(4), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2022.146416.6366
Morton, N. (2022). Poultry Drinking Water Primer The importance of water, factors affecting water consumption, water quality and management tips are reviewed by Brian D. Fairchild and Casey W. Ritz, Extension Poultry Scientists at the University of Georgia. Health, 4, 5. https://secure.caes.uga.edu/extension/publications/files/pdf/b%201301_4.pdf
Mukhtar, M. D., Rufa’i, F. A., Yola, A. U., Babba, N. I., & Baecker, D. (2023). Evaluating the potency of selected antibiotic medications dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria. Antibiotics, 12(11), 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582
Nguyen, H. T., Miyamoto, A., Hoang, H. T., Vu, T. T. T., Pothinuch, P., & Nguyen, H. T. T. (2024). Effects of maturation on antibacterial properties of vietnamese mango (Mangifera indica) leaves. Molecules, 29(7), 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071443
Nrior, R. R., Ugboma, C. J., Lugbe, Q., & Ogbonna, D. N. (2023). Susceptibility of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to extracts of mango (Magnifera indica). Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 23(5), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i5725
Nwafor, M. N., Anosike, A. C., Onodugo, C. A., Ya’u, M., & Babandi, A. (2022). Antioxidant, Phytochemical Composition and Proximate Analysis of Mangifera haden Seeds. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(01), 011-023. https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrcp.2022.1.1.0022
Okafor, U. C., & Ugwuegbulem, P. M. (2022). Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation of microorganisms isolated from poultry water in awka metropolis. Journal of Biochemistry International, 9(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.56557/jobi/2022/v9i47581
Olasehinde, G. I., Sholotan, K. J., Openibo, J. O., Taiwo, O. S., Bello, O. A., Ajayi, J. B., ... & Ajayi, A. A. (2018). Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Mangifera indica leaf extracts. Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, 16(1), 55-63. https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/view/934/608
Ritchie, H., Rosado, P., & Roser, M. (2019). Meat and Dairy Production. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/meat-production
Rodrigues, G., Souza Santos, L., & Franco, O. L. (2022). Antimicrobial peptides controlling resistant bacteria in animal production. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 874153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.874153
Rouger, A., Tresse, O., & Zagorec, M. (2017). Bacterial contaminants of poultry meat: sources, species, and dynamics. Microorganisms, 5(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5030050
Samad, A., Hamza, M., Muazzam, A., Ahmer, A., Tariq, S., Shahid, M. J., ... & Din, F. U. (2022). Overview of Bacterial Diseases In Poultry And Policies To Control Disease And Antibiotic Resistance. Bullet: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 1(01), 19-25. https://www.neliti.com/publications/591942/overview-of-bacterial-diseases-in-poultry-and-policies-to-control-disease-and-an#cite
Seidavi, A., Tavakoli, M., Slozhenkina, M., Gorlov, I., Hashem, N. M., Asroosh, F., ... & Swelum, A. A. (2021). The use of some plant-derived products as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in organic poultry production: A review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 47856-47868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15460-7
Shaikh, S., Fatima, J., Shakil, S., Rizvi, S. M. D., & Kamal, M. A. (2015). Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(1), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.002
Sharma, L., & Pundir, R. K. (2018). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of emblica officinalis against skin associated microbial strains. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 12(4), 355-366.
Singh, S., Kriti, M., Sharma, P., Pal, N., Sarma, D. K., Tiwari, R., & Kumar, M. (2025). A one health approach addressing poultry-associated antimicrobial resistance: human, animal and environmental perspectives. The Microbe, 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100309
Somkuwar, D. O., & Kamble, V. A. (2013). Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of stem, leaves, flower and seed kernel of Mangifera indica L. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4(2), 383-389. https://ijpbs.net/abstract.php?article=MjEzOQ==
Stromberg, Z. R., Johnson, J. R., Fairbrother, J. M., Kilbourne, J., Van Goor, A., Curtiss 3rd, R., & Mellata, M. (2017). Evaluation of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens to determine their potential risk to poultry and human health. PloS one, 12(7), e0180599.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180599
Tripathy, B., & Sahoo, S. K. (2024). Biological evaluation of nutritional traditional fruit Mangifera camptosperma against diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Pharmacological Research-Modern Chinese Medicine, 11, 100436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2024.100436
Ustundag, A. O., & Ozdogan, M. (2015). Usage possibilities of mulberry leaves in poultry nutrition. Scientific papers. series D. Animal Science, 58. 170-178. https://animalsciencejournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2015/Art28.pdf
Wardhana, D. K., Haskito, A. E. P., Purnama, M. T. E., Safitri, D. A., & Annisa, S. (2021). Detection of microbial contamination in chicken meat from local markets in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary world, 14(12), 3138. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.3138-3143
Woodford, N., & Livermore, D. M. (2009). Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria: a review of the global challenge. Journal of Infection, 59, S4-S16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(09)60003-7
Yao, H., Liu, J., Jiang, X., Chen, F., Lu, X., & Zhang, J. (2021). Analysis of the clinical effect of combined drug susceptibility to guide medication for carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae patients based on the kirby–bauer disk diffusion method. Infection and Drug Resistance, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s282s386
Abiala, M., Olayiwola, J., Babatunde, O., Aiyelaagbe, O., & Akinyemi, S. (2016). Evaluation of therapeutic potentials of plant extracts against poultry bacteria threatening public health. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1399-z
Abreu, R., Semedo-Lemsaddek, T., Cunha, E., Tavares, L., & Oliveira, M. (2023). Antimicrobial drug resistance in poultry production: Current status and innovative strategies for bacterial control. Microorganisms, 11(4), 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040953
Agyare, C., Boamah, V. E., Zumbi, C. N., &Osei, F. B. (2018). Antibiotic use in poultry production and its effects on bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance—A global threat, IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79371
Ajila, C. M., Naidu, K. A., Bhat, S. G., & Rao, U. P. (2007). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of mango peel extract. Food Chemistry, 105(3), 982-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.052
Akinmoladun, A. C., Ibukun, E. O., Afor, E., Obuotor, E. M., & Farombi, E. O. (2007). Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Sci Res Essay, 2(5), 163-166. https://academicjournals.org/article/article1380191019_Akinmoladun%20%20et%20al.pdf
Akond, M. A., Alam, S., Hassan, S. M. R., & Shirin, M. (2009). Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and poultry environment of Bangladesh. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.47.52
Alzoreky, N. S., & Nakahara, K. (2003). Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 80(3), 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00169-1
Aneja, K. R. (2007). Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology and biotechnology. New Age International. New Delhi, India. https://books.google.com.np/books?id=QYI4xk9kOIMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Anizoba, N. W., Ugwu, S. O., Ndofor-Foleng, H. M., Onyimonyi, A. E., Ikeh, N. E., Ezenwosu, C., ... & Machebe, N. S. (2024). Effects of aqueous extracts of neem leaf and ginger rhizome on growth performance and haematological parameters of pure and crossbred chickens. Journal of World’s Poultry Research, 14(3), 273-281. https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.28
Aslam, J., Ali, H. M., Hussain, S., Ahmad, M. Z., Siddique, A. B., Shahid, M., ... & Alarjani, K. M. (2024). Effectiveness of cephalosporins in hydrolysis and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. Journal of Veterinary Science, 25(3), e47. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.23258
European Food Safety Authority (2017). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2016. EFSA Journal, 15(12), e05077. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5077
Eid, S., & Erfan, A. M. (2013). Characterization of E. coli associated with high mortality in poultry flocks. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 59(139), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2013.171926
Enejiyon, S., Abdulrahman, A. H., Adedeji, A., Abdulsalam, R., & Oyedum, M. (2020). Antibacterial activities of the extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) against selected pathogenic bacteria. Tanzania Journal of Science, 46(3), 914-922. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v46i3.29
Gržinić, G., Piotrowicz-Cieślak, A., Klimkowicz-Pawlas, A., Górny, R. L., Ławniczek-Wałczyk, A., Piechowicz, L., ... & Wolska, L. (2023). Intensive poultry farming: A review of the impact on the environment and human health. Science of the Total Environment, 858, 160014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160014
Hooda, P. S., Edwards, A. C., Anderson, H. A., & Miller, A. (2000). A review of water quality concerns in livestock farming areas. Science of The Total Environment, 250(1-3), 143-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00373-9
Ofongo, R. T., Ohimain, E. I., & Iyayi, E. A. (2021). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of bitter and Neem leaves and their potential as antimicrobial growth promoter in poultry feed. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 32(4), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i430383
Jamil, M., Aleem, M. T., Shaukat, A., Khan, A., Mohsin, M., Rehman, T. U., ... & Li, K. (2022). Medicinal plants as an alternative to control poultry parasitic diseases. Life, 12(3), 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030449
Katariya, C., & Arjunkumar, R. (2019). Antimicrobial effect of curry leaves on Staphylococcus aureus–An In vitro Study. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(7), 3318-3322. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00559.6
Khanal, T., Raut, S. B., &Paneru, U. (2017). Study of antibiotic resistance on Escherichia coli in commercial poultry of Nepal. Nepalese Veterinary Journal, 34, 6-17. https://doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v34i0.22859
Masibo, M., & He, Q. (2008). Major mango polyphenols and their potential significance to human health. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7(4), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00047.x
Mohammed, M. T. (2023). Analytical detection of phytochemical compounds in Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 66(4), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2022.146416.6366
Morton, N. (2022). Poultry Drinking Water Primer The importance of water, factors affecting water consumption, water quality and management tips are reviewed by Brian D. Fairchild and Casey W. Ritz, Extension Poultry Scientists at the University of Georgia. Health, 4, 5. https://secure.caes.uga.edu/extension/publications/files/pdf/b%201301_4.pdf
Mukhtar, M. D., Rufa’i, F. A., Yola, A. U., Babba, N. I., & Baecker, D. (2023). Evaluating the potency of selected antibiotic medications dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria. Antibiotics, 12(11), 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582
Nguyen, H. T., Miyamoto, A., Hoang, H. T., Vu, T. T. T., Pothinuch, P., & Nguyen, H. T. T. (2024). Effects of maturation on antibacterial properties of vietnamese mango (Mangifera indica) leaves. Molecules, 29(7), 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071443
Nrior, R. R., Ugboma, C. J., Lugbe, Q., & Ogbonna, D. N. (2023). Susceptibility of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to extracts of mango (Magnifera indica). Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 23(5), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i5725
Nwafor, M. N., Anosike, A. C., Onodugo, C. A., Ya’u, M., & Babandi, A. (2022). Antioxidant, Phytochemical Composition and Proximate Analysis of Mangifera haden Seeds. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(01), 011-023. https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrcp.2022.1.1.0022
Okafor, U. C., & Ugwuegbulem, P. M. (2022). Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation of microorganisms isolated from poultry water in awka metropolis. Journal of Biochemistry International, 9(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.56557/jobi/2022/v9i47581
Olasehinde, G. I., Sholotan, K. J., Openibo, J. O., Taiwo, O. S., Bello, O. A., Ajayi, J. B., ... & Ajayi, A. A. (2018). Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Mangifera indica leaf extracts. Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, 16(1), 55-63. https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/view/934/608
Ritchie, H., Rosado, P., & Roser, M. (2019). Meat and Dairy Production. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/meat-production
Rodrigues, G., Souza Santos, L., & Franco, O. L. (2022). Antimicrobial peptides controlling resistant bacteria in animal production. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 874153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.874153
Rouger, A., Tresse, O., & Zagorec, M. (2017). Bacterial contaminants of poultry meat: sources, species, and dynamics. Microorganisms, 5(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5030050
Samad, A., Hamza, M., Muazzam, A., Ahmer, A., Tariq, S., Shahid, M. J., ... & Din, F. U. (2022). Overview of Bacterial Diseases In Poultry And Policies To Control Disease And Antibiotic Resistance. Bullet: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 1(01), 19-25. https://www.neliti.com/publications/591942/overview-of-bacterial-diseases-in-poultry-and-policies-to-control-disease-and-an#cite
Seidavi, A., Tavakoli, M., Slozhenkina, M., Gorlov, I., Hashem, N. M., Asroosh, F., ... & Swelum, A. A. (2021). The use of some plant-derived products as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in organic poultry production: A review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 47856-47868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15460-7
Shaikh, S., Fatima, J., Shakil, S., Rizvi, S. M. D., & Kamal, M. A. (2015). Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(1), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.002
Sharma, L., & Pundir, R. K. (2018). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of emblica officinalis against skin associated microbial strains. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 12(4), 355-366.
Singh, S., Kriti, M., Sharma, P., Pal, N., Sarma, D. K., Tiwari, R., & Kumar, M. (2025). A one health approach addressing poultry-associated antimicrobial resistance: human, animal and environmental perspectives. The Microbe, 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100309
Somkuwar, D. O., & Kamble, V. A. (2013). Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of stem, leaves, flower and seed kernel of Mangifera indica L. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4(2), 383-389. https://ijpbs.net/abstract.php?article=MjEzOQ==
Stromberg, Z. R., Johnson, J. R., Fairbrother, J. M., Kilbourne, J., Van Goor, A., Curtiss 3rd, R., & Mellata, M. (2017). Evaluation of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens to determine their potential risk to poultry and human health. PloS one, 12(7), e0180599.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180599
Tripathy, B., & Sahoo, S. K. (2024). Biological evaluation of nutritional traditional fruit Mangifera camptosperma against diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Pharmacological Research-Modern Chinese Medicine, 11, 100436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2024.100436
Ustundag, A. O., & Ozdogan, M. (2015). Usage possibilities of mulberry leaves in poultry nutrition. Scientific papers. series D. Animal Science, 58. 170-178. https://animalsciencejournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2015/Art28.pdf
Wardhana, D. K., Haskito, A. E. P., Purnama, M. T. E., Safitri, D. A., & Annisa, S. (2021). Detection of microbial contamination in chicken meat from local markets in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary world, 14(12), 3138. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.3138-3143
Woodford, N., & Livermore, D. M. (2009). Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria: a review of the global challenge. Journal of Infection, 59, S4-S16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(09)60003-7
Yao, H., Liu, J., Jiang, X., Chen, F., Lu, X., & Zhang, J. (2021). Analysis of the clinical effect of combined drug susceptibility to guide medication for carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae patients based on the kirby–bauer disk diffusion method. Infection and Drug Resistance, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s282s386
Statistics
206 Views | 208 Downloads
How to Cite
Pundir, R., Pandey, D., Yogi, R., Chaudhary, L. and Agarwal, K. (2025) “Potential of Natural Plant Extracts in Combating the Bacterial Contaminants from Poultry Water Sample”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(4), pp. 87-101. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2025.v08i04.007.
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
.